Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Cell Metab. 2019 Apr 2;29(4):803-826. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.03.003.
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosome- or vacuole-dependent catabolic pathway in eukaryotes. Autophagy functions basally for cellular quality control and is induced to act as an alternative source of basic metabolites during nutrient deprivation. These functions of autophagy are intimately connected to the regulation of metabolism, and the metabolic status of the cell in turn controls the nature and extent of autophagic induction. Here, we highlight the co-regulation of autophagy and metabolism with a special focus on selective autophagy that, along with bulk autophagy, plays a central role in regulating and rewiring metabolic circuits. We outline the metabolic signals that activate these pathways, the mechanisms involved, and the downstream effects and implications while recognizing yet unanswered questions. We also discuss the role of autophagy in the development and maintenance of adipose tissue, an emerging player in systemic metabolic homeostasis, and describe what is currently known about the complex relationship between autophagy and cancer.
自噬是真核生物中一种进化上保守的溶酶体或液泡依赖性分解代谢途径。自噬的基本功能是细胞质量控制，在营养缺乏时被诱导作为基本代谢物的替代来源。自噬的这些功能与代谢的调节密切相关，而细胞的代谢状态反过来又控制着自噬诱导的性质和程度。在这里，我们重点介绍自噬和代谢的共同调节，特别是选择性自噬，它与大自噬一起，在调节和重编代谢回路方面发挥着核心作用。我们概述了激活这些途径的代谢信号、涉及的机制以及下游效应和影响，同时认识到仍有未解答的问题。我们还讨论了自噬在脂肪组织发育和维持中的作用，脂肪组织是系统代谢稳态中的一个新兴参与者，并描述了目前已知的自噬与癌症之间复杂关系。
