Afzal Mohammed Hassaan, Jafar Anisa Jabeen Nasir
a Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK.
Med Confl Surviv. 2019 Mar;35(1):43-64. doi: 10.1080/13623699.2019.1589687. Epub 2019 Apr 3.
Attacks on health care in conflict zones are widespread and show no signs of relenting. Since 2011 several organizations have systemically collected data of these attacks and revealed their scale. However, little is known of the consequences of these attacks. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the literature on attacks on health care in conflict zones to understand what is known of the wider and long-term impacts. Using the Arksey and O'Malley framework we identified 233 articles for inclusion. Extracting descriptions of impacts, we were able to categorize this information into 15 broad themes. However, there are limitations in the data collection on impacts. Firstly it is not systemically collected after every attack or in all regions where attacks take place. Secondly, this data stops short of working down the chain of impacts to describe the full range of consequences. Lastly, the literature does not often distinguish between the impacts of attacks on health care and the impact of conflict on health. Discussion is needed as to how we define and understand attacks on health care and therefore the impacts of these attacks. Systematic methods for data collection on the impacts of attacks on healthcare are also needed to produce comprehensive data sets.
冲突地区针对医疗保健的袭击广泛存在，且毫无缓和迹象。自2011年以来，多个组织系统地收集了这些袭击的数据，并揭示了其规模。然而，对于这些袭击的后果却知之甚少。本范围综述的目的是探究有关冲突地区医疗保健袭击的文献，以了解其更广泛和长期的影响。我们运用阿克西和奥马利框架确定了233篇纳入文章。通过提取影响描述，我们能够将这些信息归类为15个宽泛主题。然而，影响数据收集存在局限性。首先，并非每次袭击后或在袭击发生的所有地区都进行系统收集。其次，这些数据未能深入追踪影响链条以描述全部后果。最后，文献往往未区分针对医疗保健袭击的影响与冲突对健康的影响。需要就如何界定和理解针对医疗保健的袭击以及这些袭击的影响展开讨论。还需要用于收集袭击对医疗保健影响数据的系统方法，以生成全面的数据集。
