Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
JCI Insight. 2019 Apr 4;4(7). doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.124620.
HDL that contains apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a subspecies especially active in steps in reverse cholesterol transport, a process that brings cholesterol from peripheral cells to the liver. Here, we studied the effect of dietary unsaturated fat compared with carbohydrate on the metabolism of HDL containing apoE.
We enrolled 9 adults who were overweight or obese and had below-average HDL-cholesterol in a crossover study of a high-fat diet, primarily unsaturated, and a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. A metabolic tracer study was performed after each diet period.
Dietary fat increased the secretion, metabolism, and clearance of HDL subspecies containing apoE. Dietary fat increased the rate of clearance of large cholesterol-rich HDL containing apoE and increased their conversion to small HDL containing apoE, indicating selective cholesterol ester delivery to the liver. The high-unsaturated-fat diet did not affect the metabolism of HDL lacking apoE.
HDL containing apoE is a diet-responsive metabolic pathway that renders HDL more biologically active in reverse cholesterol transport. This may be a mechanism by which unsaturated fat protects against coronary heart disease. Protein-based HDL subspecies such as HDL containing apoE may be used to identify additional atheroprotective treatment targets not evident in the total HDL-cholesterol measurement.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01399632.
NIH and the National Center for Advancing Translational Science.
含有载脂蛋白 E (apoE) 的高密度脂蛋白 (HDL) 是一种亚种，特别活跃于胆固醇逆向转运的步骤中，该过程将胆固醇从外周细胞运送到肝脏。在这里，我们研究了与碳水化合物相比，不饱和脂肪对含有 apoE 的 HDL 代谢的影响。
我们招募了 9 名超重或肥胖且 HDL-胆固醇水平低于平均水平的成年人，进行了一项交叉研究，比较了高脂肪（主要是不饱和）饮食和低脂肪、高碳水化合物饮食对 HDL 代谢的影响。在每个饮食期后进行代谢示踪研究。
脂肪饮食增加了含有 apoE 的 HDL 亚种的分泌、代谢和清除。脂肪饮食增加了富含胆固醇的大 HDL 中 apoE 的清除率，并增加了它们转化为含有 apoE 的小 HDL，表明选择性胆固醇酯递送至肝脏。高不饱和脂肪饮食并未影响不含 apoE 的 HDL 代谢。
含有 apoE 的 HDL 是一种对饮食有反应的代谢途径，使 HDL 在胆固醇逆向转运中更具生物活性。这可能是不饱和脂肪预防冠心病的一种机制。基于蛋白质的 HDL 亚种，如含有 apoE 的 HDL，可用于识别总 HDL-胆固醇测量中不明显的其他动脉粥样硬化保护治疗靶点。
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01399632。
NIH 和国家转化科学促进中心。
