Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35134, Padua, Italy.
Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Psychol Res. 2020 Sep;84(6):1622-1634. doi: 10.1007/s00426-019-01173-7. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
The present study took advantage of data collected on more than 2100 Italian adult and elderly individuals during the standardization of the WAIS-IV to examine the relationship between working memory (WM) components and intelligence, and how age affects this relationship. Administering the WAIS-IV enabled us to obtain five different measures for assessing different aspects of WM, and a measure of General Ability (GA) strongly loading on the g-factor. The main results were as follows: (1) age-related impairments in WM are substantial, and they are partly similar and partly different for the various WM measures; (2) the relationship between the WM measures and the General Ability Index (GAI) varies, becoming stronger when the active control required by the WM task is higher; (3) comparing the WM-GAI relationships between different age groups reveals some similar patterns, as well as some specific effects that depend on the WM task considered.
本研究利用在 WAIS-IV 标准化过程中收集的超过 2100 名意大利成年和老年个体的数据，研究工作记忆 (WM) 成分与智力之间的关系，以及年龄如何影响这种关系。通过使用 WAIS-IV，我们能够获得五个不同的测量指标，用于评估 WM 的不同方面，以及一个强烈加载于 g 因素的一般能力 (GA) 测量指标。主要结果如下：(1) WM 随年龄相关的损伤是实质性的，并且对于各种 WM 测量指标而言，部分相似，部分不同；(2) WM 测量指标与一般能力指数 (GAI) 之间的关系是可变的，当 WM 任务所需的主动控制较高时，这种关系会增强；(3)比较不同年龄组之间的 WM-GAI 关系，揭示了一些相似的模式，以及一些依赖于所考虑的 WM 任务的特定效应。
