Bumbach Michael D, Harman Jeffrey S, Lucero Robert, Cimiotti Jeannie P, Felber Neff Donna
College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.
J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2020 Feb;32(2):138-144. doi: 10.1097/JXX.0000000000000207.
Although workforce diversity has been cited as an important workforce issue, the contemporary U.S. nurse practitioner (NP) workforce is dominated by females. Provider diversity, specifically gender, has been found to directly influence patient preference. However, lack of gender diversity in the NP workforce has never been specifically evaluated in terms of job satisfaction and patterns of care.
The purpose of this study was to assess and evaluate NP gender, job satisfaction and practice patterns of care for U.S. clinical NPs.
This study used the 2012 National Sample Survey of Nurse Practitioners (NSSNP). Participants meeting inclusion criteria totaled 8,978 NPs, of which 92.8% were female.
Although overall job satisfaction was not shown to be significantly different between genders, several patterns of care were found to be significant. Of the 11 measured patterns of care in the NSSNP, six were significantly different between genders, with a female majority indicating that they performed these services most often. In only one rendered service, performed medical procedures, did male NPs indicate that they did more than females.
This study suggests the importance of a gender-diversified U.S. nurse practitioner workforce. This is indicated by differences highlighted in patterns of care by NP gender, which has been postulated to influence patient outcomes, including perceived quality of care and engagement in the health care process. Patient preferences for same-gender NPs, particularly patients with privacy issues, warrant further exploration.
尽管劳动力多样性被视为一个重要的劳动力问题，但当代美国执业护士（NP）群体主要由女性构成。已发现医疗服务提供者的多样性，尤其是性别，会直接影响患者的偏好。然而，从未专门从工作满意度和护理模式方面评估过NP群体中缺乏性别多样性的情况。
本研究旨在评估和评价美国临床NP的性别、工作满意度及护理实践模式。
本研究采用了2012年全国执业护士抽样调查（NSSNP）。符合纳入标准的参与者共有8978名NP，其中92.8%为女性。
尽管总体工作满意度在性别之间未显示出显著差异，但发现了几种护理模式存在显著差异。在NSSNP所测量的11种护理模式中，有6种在性别之间存在显著差异，大多数女性表示她们最常提供这些服务。在仅一项提供的服务，即实施医疗程序方面，男性NP表示他们比女性做得更多。
本研究表明美国执业护士群体性别多样化的重要性。NP性别在护理模式上的差异凸显了这一点，据推测这些差异会影响患者的治疗结果，包括感知的护理质量和参与医疗保健过程的情况。患者对同性别NP的偏好，尤其是有隐私问题的患者，值得进一步探索。
