Smit Nico J, Malherbe Wynand, Hadfield Kerry A
Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2017 Jun 3;6(3):386-401. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.06.001. eCollection 2017 Dec.
The global translocation and introduction of freshwater fish into non-native regions has created the perfect opportunity for the co-introduction of their parasites. In a recent review on non-native freshwater fish introductions in South Africa, 55 fishes were reported as introduced into novel environments in South Africa, with 27 alien and 28 extralimital. However, the parasites potentially co-introduced by these non-native fishes have received much less attention from researchers than the hosts themselves. Thus far, the only attempts at summarising our knowledge on the diversity of introduced freshwater fish parasites in this region dates back to the 1980s when only four parasite species were considered to be alien, with a further eight species as doubtful. Over the last thirty years, more records have been added and this paper aims to provide an up-to-date review of our knowledge on the diversity, distribution, status (co-invasive or co-introduced) and the direction for future studies on introduced freshwater fish parasites in South Africa. Here we consider seven species (four ciliates, and one cestode, copepod and branchiuran respectively) as confirmed co-invaders, and 16 species (one flagelate, four ciliates, one cestode and ten monogeneans) as co-introduced. In addition, six species (three ciliates, two monogeneans and one copepod) previously recorded as invasive are deemed to be of uncertain status, and one ciliate is removed from the list of known invasive parasites from this region. It is further proposed that future research should focus on extralimital co-introductions, especially in the Eastern and Western Cape regions of South Africa where more than half of the fishes present are introduced species. It is also recommended that all new records of introduced parasites and new distribution records of known invasive parasites should include the deposition of voucher specimens in museums and, as far as possible, include molecular confirmation of its identification.
全球范围内淡水鱼向非原生地区的迁移和引入，为其寄生虫的共同引入创造了绝佳机会。在最近一篇关于南非非原生淡水鱼引入情况的综述中，有55种鱼类被报道引入了南非的新环境，其中27种为外来物种，28种为跨界物种。然而，这些非原生鱼类可能共同引入的寄生虫受到的研究关注远少于宿主本身。到目前为止，唯一一次总结该地区引入淡水鱼寄生虫多样性知识的尝试可追溯到20世纪80年代，当时仅认为有4种寄生虫为外来物种，另有8种存疑。在过去三十年里，新增了更多记录，本文旨在对南非引入淡水鱼寄生虫的多样性、分布、状态（共入侵或共引入）以及未来研究方向提供最新综述。在此，我们认为有7个物种（分别为4种纤毛虫、1种绦虫、1种桡足类和1种鳃尾类）为已确认的共入侵者，16个物种（1种鞭毛虫、4种纤毛虫、1种绦虫和10种单殖吸虫）为共引入物种。此外，先前记录为入侵物种的6个物种（3种纤毛虫、2种单殖吸虫和1种桡足类）被认为状态不确定，1种纤毛虫从该地区已知入侵寄生虫名单中移除。还进一步建议，未来研究应聚焦于跨界共引入，特别是在南非东开普省和西开普省，那里超过一半的鱼类是引入物种。还建议所有引入寄生虫的新记录以及已知入侵寄生虫的新分布记录都应在博物馆保存凭证标本，并尽可能包括其鉴定的分子确认。
