Department of Applied Physics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Laser Research Group, Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 5047, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Talanta. 2019 Jul 1;199:203-211. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.047. Epub 2019 Feb 11.
Commercially available ready to use henna paste, procured from the local market in Pakistan were tested to find the level of hazardous element, lead present in the samples, using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). The source of lead in the ready to use henna is from the artificial chemical additives in henna paste, added to enhance the color and also to speed up the dying of the henna tattoo in hand, feet, and body. Henna tattooing is an inevitable practice in the social events in the cultures of the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula. The frequent reckless use of henna, particularly lavishly administering it to the children is quite dangerous, although the level of lead found in the commercially available ready to use henna samples are within the permissible safe level. For the sensitive detection and quantification of lead, various experimental and plasma parameters in the LIBS detection system were optimized and the system was calibrated. The quantitative analysis of lead, carried out in five different samples of ready to use henna, using LIBS revealed that the concentration of lead in these samples is between 5.5 ± 0.2 mg Kg and 16.0 ± 0.2 mg Kg. Moreover, LIBS elemental analysis of natural henna leaves, cultivated in Sindh and Punjab regions of Pakistan, and also the soils taken from the locations of cultivation were carried out and a correlation in the elemental compositions between the henna leaves and the cultivated soil in the proximity were studied. The quantitative analysis of LIBS results were validated by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
从巴基斯坦当地市场购买的市售即用指甲花糊进行了测试，以使用激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）发现样品中存在的危险元素铅的水平。即用指甲花糊中的铅源来自指甲花糊中的人工化学添加剂，添加这些添加剂是为了增强颜色，并加快指甲花纹身在手、脚和身体上的染色速度。指甲花纹身是印度次大陆和阿拉伯半岛文化中社交活动中不可避免的做法。尽管市售即用指甲花糊样品中的铅含量在允许的安全水平内，但频繁、鲁莽地使用指甲花，特别是大量地给儿童使用指甲花，是非常危险的。为了对铅进行敏感的检测和定量，对 LIBS 检测系统中的各种实验和等离子体参数进行了优化和校准。使用 LIBS 对 5 种不同的即用指甲花糊进行了铅的定量分析，结果表明这些样品中的铅浓度在 5.5±0.2mg Kg 和 16.0±0.2mg Kg 之间。此外，还对巴基斯坦信德省和旁遮普省种植的天然指甲花叶片以及从种植地点采集的土壤进行了 LIBS 元素分析，并研究了指甲花叶片与附近种植土壤之间的元素组成的相关性。LIBS 结果的定量分析通过原子吸收光谱（AAS）和电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱（ICP-OES）进行了验证。
