International Academy of Law and Mental Health, PO Box 205, New York, NY 10276, United States of America.
Forensic Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Int J Law Psychiatry. 2019 Jul-Aug;65:101437. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2019.03.006. Epub 2019 Apr 2.
Neuroscience has already changed how the law understands an individual's cognitive processes, how those processes shape behavior, and how bio-psychosocial history and neurodevelopmental approaches provide information, which is critical to understanding mental states underlying behavior, including criminal behavior. In this paper, we briefly review the state of forensic assessment of mental conditions in the relative culpability of criminal defendants, focused primarily on the weaknesses of current approaches. We then turn to focus on neuroscience approaches and how they have the potential to improve assessment, but with significant risks and limitations.
神经科学已经改变了法律对个人认知过程的理解方式，改变了这些过程如何塑造行为，以及生物心理社会历史和神经发育方法如何提供信息，这些对于理解行为背后的心理状态至关重要，包括犯罪行为。在本文中，我们简要回顾了在犯罪被告相对罪责方面对精神状况进行法医评估的现状，主要集中在当前方法的弱点上。然后，我们将注意力转向神经科学方法，以及它们如何有可能改善评估，但存在重大风险和局限性。
