RNA Mediated Gene Regulation Section, RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.
RNA Mediated Gene Regulation Section, RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.
Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech. 2020 Apr;1863(4):194373. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.03.005. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play increasingly appreciated roles in gene regulation. In animals, miRNAs silence gene expression by binding to partially complementary sequences within target mRNAs. It is well-established that miRNAs recognize canonical target sites by base-pairing in the 5'region. However, the development of biochemical methods has identified many novel, non-canonical target sites, suggesting additional modes of miRNA-target association. Here, we review the current knowledge of miRNA-target recognition and how new evidence supports or challenges existing models. We also review the process by which microRNA isoforms achieve functional diversification via modulation of target recognition.
微小 RNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码 RNA，在基因调控中发挥着越来越重要的作用。在动物中，miRNA 通过与靶 mRNA 内部分互补序列结合来沉默基因表达。已经证实，miRNA 通过在 5' 区域的碱基配对识别典型的靶位点。然而，生化方法的发展已经确定了许多新的、非典型的靶位点，这表明 miRNA 与靶标结合存在额外的模式。在这里，我们回顾了 miRNA 靶标识别的现有知识，以及新的证据如何支持或挑战现有的模型。我们还回顾了通过调节靶标识别，miRNA 同工型实现功能多样化的过程。
