Colloids of detonation nanodiamond particles for advanced applications.

Nanodiamond (ND) is one of the most attractive allotropic modification of carbon due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In the present review the current state of science and technology in the field of NDs is analyzed. ND can be used in various application and in different form e.g. as a dispersion phase in suspension, as a filler in composites, etc., so the sedimentation stability of ND in different media are under scrutiny. Thus, theoretical aspects of ND suspension coagulation mechanisms and the methods avoiding it were considered. The dependence of rheological behavior on particles modification was discussed as well. Various methods for the preparation and modification of NDs to obtain particles of various sizes on a nanometer scale with different physicochemical properties were reviewed. The area of practical application for NDs was considered on the example of polymer composites. The various manufacturing methods, mechanical properties and medical aspects for thermosetting, thermoplastic and elastomer ND composites were summarized.