Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell, Room 2350, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2019 May;39(2):141-150. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2018.12.001.
Inappropriate responses to respiratory viruses, especially rhinovirus, and early allergic sensitization are the strongest contributors to the inception and persistence of early onset asthma. The ORMDL3 asthma locus in chromosome 17q seems to exert its effects by increasing susceptibility to human rhinovirus in early life. Being raised on animal farms is highly protective against the development of asthma, and this protective effect is mediated by exposure to microbes. Two trials in high-risk young children, one to prevent wheezing lower respiratory tract illness using bacterial lyophilizates and another using anti-immunoglobulin E to prevent asthma progression, are already under way.
呼吸道病毒（尤其是鼻病毒）的不当反应以及早期过敏致敏是引发和持续发生早发性哮喘的最强因素。17 号染色体上的 ORMDL3 哮喘基因座似乎通过增加生命早期对人类鼻病毒的易感性来发挥作用。在动物养殖场中长大可高度预防哮喘的发生，这种保护作用是通过接触微生物来介导的。目前正在进行两项高危幼儿临床试验，一项是使用细菌冻干制剂预防喘息性下呼吸道疾病，另一项是使用抗免疫球蛋白 E 预防哮喘进展。
