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[法国和魁北克禁止向未成年人销售烟草。立法框架、执行情况及未成年人吸烟情况比较]

[Prohibition of tobacco sales to minors in France and Quebec. Comparison of legislative frameworks, their enforcement, and underage smoking].

作者信息

Elharrar X, Fortin M, Beguinot E, Dols A M, Greillier L, Martinet Y

机构信息

Service des maladies respiratoires, centre hospitalier d'Aix-en-Provence, avenue des Tamaris, 13616 Aix-en-Provence, France; Comité national contre le tabagisme, 75002 Paris, France.

Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, G1V 4G5 Québec, Canada.

出版信息

Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2019 May;67(3):181-187. doi: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.02.001. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Prohibition of tobacco sales to minors is a provision of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on tobacco control. This measure is effective to reduce youth tobacco use, if the legislation adopted is properly implemented and enforced. Through the examples of France and Quebec, the objective of this study is to compare legislative frameworks prohibiting tobacco sales to minors, their enforcement, and possible impact on underage smoking.

METHODS

Identification of legislative instruments, reports from public health authorities, and articles addressing the focused question was performed trough Medline and Google.

RESULTS

Selling tobacco products to minors under 18 years of age has been banned by the law since 1998 in Quebec and 2009 in France. In 2011, in France for individuals aged 17, compliance with the law was 15%. In 2017 in France, 94% of 17-year-old daily smokers regularly bought their cigarettes in a tobacco store. Law enforcement controls and sanctions are non-existent. In 2013 in Quebec, 23% of underage smoking students usually bought their own cigarettes in a business. The compliance rate with the prohibition law rose from 37% in 2003 to 92.6% in 2017. An approach of underage "mystery shoppers" attempting to purchase tobacco products and dedicated inspectors has been implemented, and progressive sanctions are applied in case of non-compliance. In 2013, 12.2% of Quebec high school students and, in 2017, 34.1% of French 17 year olds reported using tobacco products in the last 30 days.

CONCLUSION

Only an improved law enforcement, through the training of tobacco retailer's, inspections and effective deterrent penalties for non-compliance, leads to an effective legislative measure in terms of public health.

摘要

背景

禁止向未成年人销售烟草是世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》的一项规定。如果所通过的立法得到妥善实施和执行,这项措施对于减少青少年烟草使用是有效的。通过法国和魁北克的例子,本研究的目的是比较禁止向未成年人销售烟草的立法框架、其执行情况以及对未成年人吸烟的可能影响。

方法

通过医学文献数据库(Medline)和谷歌搜索,查找立法文书、公共卫生当局的报告以及涉及该重点问题的文章。

结果

自1998年起魁北克法律禁止向18岁以下未成年人销售烟草产品,法国自2009年起实施此项禁令。2011年,在法国,17岁人群对该法律的遵守率为15%。2017年在法国,94%的17岁每日吸烟者经常在烟草店购买香烟。不存在执法管控和制裁措施。2013年在魁北克,23%的未成年吸烟学生通常在商店自行购买香烟。禁止销售烟草法律的遵守率从2003年的37%升至2017年的92.6%。已实施由未成年“神秘顾客”试图购买烟草产品以及配备专门检查员的方式,对于违规行为实施递进式制裁。2013年,12.2%的魁北克高中生以及2017年34.1%的法国17岁青少年报告在过去30天内使用过烟草产品。

结论

只有通过对烟草零售商进行培训、开展检查以及对违规行为实施有效的威慑性处罚来加强执法,才能使立法措施在公共卫生方面产生有效作用。

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