Liu Wenbin, Sun Fubao, Sun Shaobo, Guo Limai, Wang Hong, Cui Huijuan
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Center for Water Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1001018, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jul 1;672:201-211. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.408. Epub 2019 Mar 28.
Understanding to what extent can terrestrial ecosystems maintain their structure and functions and recover after being hit by drought is critical for sustainable ecosystem management and drought mitigation practices. This study assesses multi-scale (i.e., at grid, climate type, land use, basin, province scales) eco-hydrological resilience to drought over China during the period of 1982-2015, based on Standard Evapotranspiration Deficit Index as well as satellite-retrieved evapotranspiration (ET) and net primary production (NPP). Over the last three decades, the ecosystem water use efficiency (eWUE) increased in most regions of China (especially in Northeast China and North China Plain) in the context of climate change. The western China showed a significant wetting trend with ascending ET, GPP and eWUE. The SEDI and ET showed significantly increasing tendencies but the ecosystem GPP and eWUE did not exhibit obvious responses to regional wetting in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River basin. Most terrestrial ecosystems in China were found overall resilient to drought except for mild temperature-fully humid-warm summer at the climate type scale, water type at the land use scale, Northwest Rivers at the basin scale as well as Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanghai and Hong Kong at the province scale. These findings would facilitate the identification of most drought-vulnerable regions for ecosystem management and taking reasonable adaptation measures (e.g., use of alternative water resources or reuse water, water conservation and smart irrigation) to ensure the sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems during the drought periods over China.
了解陆地生态系统在遭受干旱袭击后能够在多大程度上维持其结构和功能并恢复，对于可持续的生态系统管理和干旱缓解措施至关重要。本研究基于标准蒸发散亏缺指数以及卫星反演的蒸发散（ET）和净初级生产力（NPP），评估了1982 - 2015年期间中国多尺度（即网格、气候类型、土地利用、流域、省份尺度）对干旱的生态水文弹性。在过去三十年中，在气候变化背景下，中国大部分地区（特别是中国东北和华北平原）的生态系统水分利用效率（eWUE）有所提高。中国西部呈现出显著的变湿趋势，ET、总初级生产力（GPP）和eWUE均上升。长江中下游流域的标准化干旱指数（SEDI）和ET呈显著上升趋势，但生态系统GPP和eWUE对区域变湿未表现出明显响应。在中国，除了气候类型尺度上的温和温度 - 全湿润 - 暖夏、土地利用尺度上的水型、流域尺度上的西北诸河以及省份尺度上的宁夏、青海、上海和香港外，大多数陆地生态系统总体上对干旱具有弹性。这些发现将有助于识别生态系统管理中最易受干旱影响的区域，并采取合理的适应措施（例如使用替代水资源或中水回用、节水和智能灌溉），以确保中国干旱期间陆地生态系统的可持续性。
