Wang Shu-Hong, Li Zheng-Zheng, Song Malin
School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jul 1;672:71-80. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.456. Epub 2019 Apr 1.
With the growth of international trade, the geographical separation of production and consumption links of goods has become increasingly common. Commodity-consuming countries can transfer carbon emissions generated in the production of commodities to commodity-producing countries through foreign trade while meeting their domestic consumption demands and emission reduction targets. This issue of embodied carbon emissions in international trade has received wide attention in recent years and has exerted significant impact on the labor income share of developing nations. This study determines the relationship between carbon emission and labor income share in the imports and exports of intermediate products from the perspective of the global value chain. Empirical results show that in developing countries, labor income share has a negative relationship with trade and a positive one with embodied carbon emission. Furthermore, to distinguish the heterogeneity between industries and verify the hypothesis, we classified 57 sectors into 7 main industries based on the method of Meng et al. (2018). Specifically, labor-intensive exports and technology-intensive imports increase labor income share while technology-intensive exports and labor-intensive imports reduce it. In addition to the light industry, the upgrading of women's employment structure can promote the increase of labor income share in host countries. The policy relevance of this study rests on its findings that developing countries can increase their labor income share through imports related to technology-intensive industries and exports related to labor-intensive industries; and that countries worldwide can fundamentally reduce embodied carbon emissions in trade by means of innovations in science and technology to realize sustainable development of the environment, economy, and society.
随着国际贸易的增长，商品生产与消费环节的地理分离日益普遍。商品消费国在满足国内消费需求和减排目标的同时，可通过对外贸易将商品生产过程中产生的碳排放转移至商品生产国。近年来，国际贸易中的隐含碳排放问题受到广泛关注，并对发展中国家的劳动收入份额产生了重大影响。本研究从全球价值链的角度确定中间产品进出口中碳排放与劳动收入份额之间的关系。实证结果表明，在发展中国家，劳动收入份额与贸易呈负相关，与隐含碳排放呈正相关。此外，为区分行业间的异质性并验证假设，我们依据Meng等人（2018年）的方法将57个部门划分为7个主要行业。具体而言，劳动密集型出口和技术密集型进口会提高劳动收入份额，而技术密集型出口和劳动密集型进口则会降低劳动收入份额。除轻工业外，女性就业结构的升级可促进东道国劳动收入份额的增加。本研究的政策相关性在于其研究结果，即发展中国家可通过技术密集型产业相关进口和劳动密集型产业相关出口来提高其劳动收入份额；并且全球各国可通过科技创新从根本上减少贸易中的隐含碳排放，以实现环境、经济和社会的可持续发展。
