Analytical and Pesticide Toxicology Laboratories, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
Analytical and Pesticide Toxicology Laboratories, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Chemosphere. 2019 Jul;226:636-644. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.157. Epub 2019 Mar 27.
Globally, the human population is exposed to low doses of pesticides due to its extensive use in agriculture. The chronic exposure to pesticides can lead to cancer, depression, anxiety, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases etc. Here, we have made an attempt to use mass spectrometry based metabolomics to investigate the metabolic perturbations induced by the pesticides in the urine and saliva samples of farmers from the Madhya Pradesh State of India. The study was aimed to establish non-invasive matrices like urine and saliva as alternative diagnostic matrices to the occupational exposure studies. Saliva and urine samples were collected from 51 pesticides applicators and acquired metabolic profiles of urine and saliva samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multivariate pattern recognition and pathway analysis were used to analyze and interpret the data. Investigation of endogenous metabolic profiles revealed remarkable discrimination in both saliva and urine samples of the exposed population strongly suggesting the changes in metabolic composition within the identified metabolites (for urine samples: accuracy 0.9766, R = 0.9130, Q = 0.8703; for saliva samples, an accuracy of 0.9961, R = 0.9698, Q = 0.9637). Thirteen metabolites of urine samples and sixteen metabolites of saliva samples were identified as differential metabolites specific to pesticide exposure. Pathway analysis of differential metabolites revealed that amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism (glycolysis and TCA cycle) and glutathione metabolism (oxidative stress) were found to affect in pesticide exposed population. The present study suggested that GC-MS based metabolomics can help to reveal the metabolic perturbations in human population after pesticides exposure.
在全球范围内，由于农业中广泛使用农药，人类会接触到低剂量的农药。慢性接触农药会导致癌症、抑郁、焦虑、帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病等疾病。在这里，我们试图使用基于质谱的代谢组学方法来研究印度中央邦农民的尿液和唾液样本中由农药引起的代谢紊乱。该研究旨在建立非侵入性基质，如尿液和唾液，作为职业暴露研究的替代诊断基质。从 51 名农药施用者中采集了唾液和尿液样本，并使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪 (GC-MS) 获取了尿液和唾液样本的代谢谱。采用多元模式识别和途径分析对数据进行分析和解释。对内源性代谢谱的研究表明，暴露人群的唾液和尿液样本均存在明显的区分，强烈表明所鉴定代谢物的代谢组成发生了变化（尿液样本：准确性 0.9766，R=0.9130，Q=0.8703；唾液样本，准确性为 0.9961，R=0.9698，Q=0.9637）。尿液样本中有 13 种代谢物和唾液样本中有 16 种代谢物被鉴定为与农药暴露相关的差异代谢物。差异代谢物的途径分析表明，氨基酸代谢、能量代谢（糖酵解和 TCA 循环）和谷胱甘肽代谢（氧化应激）在暴露于农药的人群中受到影响。本研究表明，基于 GC-MS 的代谢组学可以帮助揭示人类在接触农药后的代谢紊乱。
