Paschen Linda, Lehmann Tim, Kehne Miriam, Baumeister Jochen
Paderborn University.
Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2019 Aug 1;31(3):267-281. doi: 10.1123/pes.2018-0215.
Whereas many studies addressed the relation between acute physical exercise and executive functions (EF) in children, the effects of various modalities of acute exercise on EF still remain unclear. This systematic review investigated the effects of exercise with low and high cognitive demands on speed of processing and accuracy of performance in tasks examining inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in children.
A systematic literature research in electronic databases was performed. Controlled trials assessing the effects of acute exercise on EF in a pre-post design were included.
Ten studies involving a total of 890 participants revealed positive effects in working memory performance in speed of processing after acute exercises with low cognitive demands compared with seated rest, mixed results for inhibition after exercises with low and high cognitive demands, and mixed results for cognitive flexibility with low cognitive demands. Concerning accuracy, only mixed results were found for inhibition after exercises with low and high cognitive demands.
The differentiated effects of acute exercises with low and high cognitive demands led to more positive effects in speed of processing compared with accuracy of performance. Further investigations including assessment of neurophysiological parameters of EF are needed.
尽管许多研究探讨了儿童急性体育锻炼与执行功能（EF）之间的关系，但各种急性运动方式对EF的影响仍不明确。本系统评价研究了认知需求低和高的运动对儿童抑制、工作记忆和认知灵活性任务中处理速度和表现准确性的影响。
在电子数据库中进行了系统的文献研究。纳入了采用前后设计评估急性运动对EF影响的对照试验。
十项研究共涉及890名参与者，结果显示，与静息状态相比，认知需求低的急性运动后，工作记忆表现的处理速度有积极影响；认知需求低和高的运动后抑制方面结果不一；认知需求低的运动后认知灵活性方面结果不一。在准确性方面，认知需求低和高的运动后抑制方面仅发现了混合结果。
认知需求低和高的急性运动的不同影响导致处理速度比表现准确性有更积极的影响。需要进一步的研究，包括评估EF的神经生理参数。
