Gutiérrez-Capote Alejandro, Madinabeitia Iker, Alarcón Francisco, Torre Elisa, Jiménez-Martínez Jesús, Cárdenas David
Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2024 May 16;15:1376961. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1376961. eCollection 2024.
Executive functions, notably inhibition, significantly influence decision-making and behavioral regulation in team sports. However, more research must be conducted on individual player characteristics such as experience and motor skills. This study assessed how accumulated practical experience moderates inhibition in response to varying task difficulty levels.
Forty-four university students (age: 20.36 ± 3.13 years) participated in this study with two sessions: one followed standard 1 × 1 basketball rules ("Regular Practice"), while the other imposed motor, temporal, and spatial restrictions ("Restriction Practice"). Functional difficulty was controlled by grouping pairs with similar skill levels. Flanker and Go-Nogo tasks were used.
Increasing complexity worsened cognitive performance (inhibition). "Restriction Practice" showed a significantly slower and less accurate performance in both tests than "Regular Practice" ( < 0.001). Experience positively impacted test speed and accuracy ( < 0.001).
In sports, acute cognitive impacts are intrinsically linked to the task's complexity and the athlete's cognitive resources. In this sense, it is essential to adjust individually the cognitive demands of the tasks, considering each athlete's specific cognitive abilities and capacities.
执行功能，尤其是抑制功能，对团队运动中的决策和行为调节有显著影响。然而，对于经验和运动技能等个体运动员特征，还需要进行更多研究。本研究评估了累积的实践经验如何调节对不同任务难度水平的抑制作用。
44名大学生（年龄：20.36 ± 3.13岁）参与了本研究，共进行两阶段测试：一阶段遵循标准的1×1篮球规则（“常规练习”），另一阶段施加运动、时间和空间限制（“限制练习”）。通过将技能水平相似的两人分为一组来控制功能难度。采用侧翼任务和停止信号任务。
任务复杂性增加会使认知表现（抑制能力）变差。“限制练习”在两项测试中的表现均明显比“常规练习”更慢且更不准确（<0.001）。经验对测试速度和准确性有积极影响（<0.001）。
在体育运动中，急性认知影响与任务的复杂性和运动员的认知资源内在相关。从这个意义上说，考虑到每个运动员的特定认知能力和水平，单独调整任务的认知要求至关重要。
