Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas Empresariales y Turismo, Plaza de la Victoria, 3, 28802, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Plaza de la Universidad, s/n, 02061, Albacete, Spain.
Soc Sci Res. 2019 May;80:66-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.02.003. Epub 2019 Feb 27.
The aim of this paper is to analyse cross-country differences in the maternal employment patterns and the demand for formal and informal child care as interrelated decisions across Europe. We explore a sample of preschoolers and their mothers drawn from the EU-SILC (2005-2013) in a set of 11 EU countries with different institutional settings. The analytical strategy - a set of simultaneous tobit models - allows for mutual interdependencies across decisions. The results vary across welfare regimes and are related to the public provision of child care as well as other dimensions of the institutional context and values. We have found complementarities between paid employment and child care while formal and informal care are shown to be mutual substitutes, even in countries where the provision of external, formal child care is very extended and child care does not depend much on families. This means that the mere expansion of public child care is not enough to improve maternal employment rates. Other institutional aspects of the labour market and societal values also need to be taken into account in this endeavour.
本文旨在分析欧洲各国在母性就业模式和对正规与非正规儿童保育需求方面的跨国差异，将其作为相互关联的决策。我们在一组 11 个具有不同制度背景的欧盟国家中，利用欧盟社会融合调查（EU-SILC，2005-2013）中的学龄前儿童及其母亲样本，采用一系列同时进行的托宾模型进行分析，这些模型允许决策之间相互关联。研究结果因福利制度的不同而有所差异，这与儿童保育的公共提供以及制度背景和价值观的其他方面有关。我们发现，有偿就业与儿童保育之间存在互补性，而正规和非正规保育则是相互替代的，即使在那些外部正规儿童保育服务非常发达、儿童保育不依赖于家庭的国家也是如此。这意味着仅仅扩大公共儿童保育的范围还不足以提高母亲的就业率。在这方面，还需要考虑劳动力市场和社会价值观的其他制度方面。
