Geiger Ben Baumberg, van der Wel Kjetil A, Tøge Anne Grete
School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research (SSPSSR), University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NZ, UK.
Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Dec 2;17(1):928. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4938-8.
International comparisons of the disability employment gap are an important driver of policy change. However, previous comparisons have used the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), despite known comparability issues. We present new results from the higher-quality European Social Survey (ESS), compare these to EU-SILC and the EU Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), and also examine trends in the disability employment gap in Europe over the financial crisis for the first time.
For cross-sectional comparisons of 25 countries, we use micro-data for ESS and EU-SILC for 2012 and compare these to published EU-LFS 2011 estimates. For trend analyses, we use seven biannual waves of ESS (2002-2014) with a total sample size of 182,195, and annual waves of EU-SILC (2004-2014) with a total sample size of 2,412,791.
(i) Cross-sectional: countries that have smaller disability employment gaps in one survey tend to have smaller gaps in the other surveys. Nevertheless, there are some countries that perform badly on the lower-quality surveys but better in the higher-quality ESS. (ii) Trends: the disability employment gap appears to have declined in ESS by 4.9%, while no trend is observed in EU-SILC - but this has come alongside a rise in disability in ESS.
There is a need for investment in disability measures that are more comparable over time/space. Nevertheless, it is clear to policymakers there are some countries that do consistently well across surveys and measures (Switzerland), and others that do badly (Hungary).
残疾就业差距的国际比较是政策变革的重要推动因素。然而，尽管存在已知的可比性问题，以往的比较仍使用了欧盟收入和生活条件统计数据（EU-SILC）。我们展示了来自质量更高的欧洲社会调查（ESS）的新结果，将这些结果与EU-SILC和欧盟劳动力调查（EU-LFS）进行比较，并首次研究了金融危机期间欧洲残疾就业差距的趋势。
对于25个国家的横断面比较，我们使用了2012年ESS和EU-SILC的微观数据，并将其与2011年公布的EU-LFS估计值进行比较。对于趋势分析，我们使用了ESS的七次半年期调查（2002 - 2014年），总样本量为182,195，以及EU-SILC的年度调查（2004 - 2014年），总样本量为2,412,791。
（i）横断面：在一项调查中残疾就业差距较小的国家，在其他调查中往往也有较小的差距。然而，有一些国家在质量较低的调查中表现较差，但在质量较高的ESS中表现较好。（ii）趋势：ESS中的残疾就业差距似乎下降了4.9%，而在EU-SILC中未观察到趋势——但这伴随着ESS中残疾率的上升。
需要投资于在时间/空间上更具可比性的残疾衡量指标。然而，政策制定者很清楚，有些国家在各项调查和衡量指标中始终表现良好（瑞士），而有些国家则表现不佳（匈牙利）。
