Cockbain Ella, Bowers Kate, Dimitrova Galina
Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London (UCL), 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ UK.
J Exp Criminol. 2018;14(3):319-360. doi: 10.1007/s11292-017-9321-3. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
Our objectives were (1) to systematically map the contours of the European evidence base on labour trafficking, identifying its key characteristics, coverage, gaps, strengths and weaknesses and (2) to synthesise key scientific research.
We took a two-phase approach: a systematic map followed by a detailed synthesis of key scientific research evidence. Our search strategy included 15 databases, hand searches of additional journals, backwards searches, snowball searches and expert recommendations. We identified and screened 6106 records, mapped 152 and synthesised eight.
Overall, the literature was limited and fragmented. Reports produced by official agencies dominated; academic authorship and peer-reviewed outputs were comparatively rare. Few publications met minimum scientific standards. Qualitative designs outweighed quantitative ones. Publications typically described trafficking's problem profile and/or discussed interventions; they rarely assessed trafficking's impacts or evaluated interventions. Even among the key scientific research, the quality of evidence was variable and often low. Particular weaknesses included poor methods reporting, unclear or imprecise results and conclusions not properly grounded in the data. The synthesised studies were all exploratory, also sharing other design features. Common themes identified included: poor treatment of victims; diversity of sectors affected and commonalities among victims; inadequacies of current responses; and barriers to interventions.
There is a lack of high-quality studies into European labour trafficking. Methodological opacity, insufficient rigour and publication in non-indexed locations impede the identification, assessment and synthesis of evidence. Adherence to higher reporting standards would further the field's development and particular research gaps should be addressed.
我们的目标是：（1）系统梳理欧洲劳动力贩运证据库的概况，确定其关键特征、覆盖范围、差距、优势和劣势；（2）综合关键科学研究。
我们采用了两阶段方法：先进行系统梳理，然后对关键科学研究证据进行详细综合。我们的检索策略包括15个数据库、对其他期刊的手工检索、回溯检索、滚雪球检索和专家推荐。我们识别并筛选了6106条记录，梳理了152条并综合了8条。
总体而言，文献有限且零散。官方机构发布的报告占主导；学术作者身份和同行评审产出相对较少。很少有出版物达到最低科学标准。定性设计多于定量设计。出版物通常描述了贩运问题的概况和/或讨论了干预措施；它们很少评估贩运的影响或评价干预措施。即使在关键科学研究中，证据质量也参差不齐且往往较低。特别薄弱的环节包括方法报告不佳、结果不清晰或不准确以及结论没有很好地基于数据。综合研究均为探索性研究，也具有其他设计特点。确定的共同主题包括：对受害者的待遇不佳；受影响部门的多样性和受害者之间的共性；当前应对措施的不足；以及干预的障碍。
对欧洲劳动力贩运缺乏高质量研究。方法不透明、不够严谨以及在非索引期刊上发表阻碍了证据的识别、评估和综合。遵守更高的报告标准将推动该领域的发展，应解决特定的研究差距。
