Casson Alexander J
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Biomed Eng Lett. 2019 Jan 4;9(1):53-71. doi: 10.1007/s13534-018-00093-6. eCollection 2019 Feb.
The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a widely used non-invasive method for monitoring the brain. It is based upon placing conductive electrodes on the scalp which measure the small electrical potentials that arise outside of the head due to neuronal action within the brain. Historically this has been a large and bulky technology, restricted to the monitoring of subjects in a lab or clinic while they are stationary. Over the last decade much research effort has been put into the creation of "wearable EEG" which overcomes these limitations and allows the long term non-invasive recording of brain signals while people are out of the lab and moving about. This paper reviews the recent progress in this field, with particular emphasis on the electrodes used to make connections to the head and the physical EEG hardware. The emergence of conformal "tattoo" type EEG electrodes is highlighted as a key next step for giving very small and socially discrete units. In addition, new recommendations for the performance validation of novel electrode technologies are given, with standards in this area seen as the current main bottleneck to the wider take up of wearable EEG. The paper concludes by considering the next steps in the creation of next generation wearable EEG units, showing that a wide range of research avenues are present.
脑电图（EEG）是一种广泛应用的监测大脑的非侵入性方法。它基于在头皮上放置导电电极，这些电极测量由于大脑内神经元活动而在头部外部产生的微小电势。从历史上看，这是一项庞大且笨重的技术，仅限于在实验室或诊所中对静止的受试者进行监测。在过去十年中，人们投入了大量研究精力来开发“可穿戴脑电图”，它克服了这些限制，能够在人们离开实验室并四处活动时对脑信号进行长期非侵入性记录。本文回顾了该领域的最新进展，特别强调了用于连接头部的电极和脑电图物理硬件。适形“纹身”型脑电图电极的出现被视为迈向非常小且社交上不显眼的单元的关键下一步。此外，还给出了新型电极技术性能验证的新建议，该领域的标准被视为可穿戴脑电图更广泛应用的当前主要瓶颈。本文最后考虑了下一代可穿戴脑电图单元的下一步发展，表明存在广泛的研究途径。
