Solberg Paul A, Hopkins Will G, Paulsen Gøran, Haugen Thomas A
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019 Nov 1;14(10):1357-1363. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0093.
To quantify age of peak performance and performance improvements in the years preceding peak age in elite weightlifting and powerlifting athletes using results from powerlifting World Championships in 2003-2017 and weightlifting World Championships and Olympic Games in 1998-2017.
Individual performance trends were derived by fitting a quadratic curve separately to each athlete's performance and age data. Effects were evaluated using magnitude-based inferences.
Peak age (mean [SD]) was 35 (7) y for powerlifters and 26 (3) y for weightlifters, a large most likely substantial difference of 9, ±1 y (mean, 90% confidence limit). Men showed possibly higher peak age than women in weightlifting (0.8, ±0.7 y; small) and a possibly lower peak age in powerlifting (1.3, ±1.8 y; trivial). Peak age of athletes who ever won a medal was very likely less than that of nonmedalists in weightlifting (1.3, ±0.6 y; small), while the difference in powerlifters was trivial but unclear. Five-year improvements prior to peak age were 12% (10%) for powerlifters and 9% (7%) for weightlifters, a small possibly substantial difference (2.9, ±2.1%). Women exhibited possibly greater improvements than men in powerlifting (2.7, ±3.8%; small) and very likely greater in weightlifting (3.5, ±1.6%; small). Medalists possibly improved less than nonmedalists among powerlifters (-1.7, ±2.3%; small), while the difference was likely trivial for weightlifters (2.3, ±1.8%).
These novel insights on performance development will be useful for practitioners evaluating strategies for achieving success.
利用2003 - 2017年世界力量举锦标赛以及1998 - 2017年世界举重锦标赛和奥运会的结果，量化精英举重和力量举运动员达到最佳成绩的年龄以及在达到最佳年龄之前几年的成绩提升情况。
通过分别对每位运动员的成绩和年龄数据拟合二次曲线来得出个人成绩趋势。使用基于量级的推断来评估效果。
力量举运动员的最佳年龄（均值[标准差]）为35（7）岁，举重运动员为26（3）岁，两者相差9岁，极有可能存在实质性差异，±1岁（均值，90%置信区间）。在举重项目中，男性的最佳年龄可能比女性高（0.8，±0.7岁；小差异），而在力量举项目中可能比女性低（1.3，±1.8岁；微小差异）。在举重项目中，曾获得奖牌的运动员的最佳年龄极有可能低于未获奖牌的运动员（1.3，±0.6岁；小差异），而在力量举项目中，两者差异微小但不明确。在达到最佳年龄前的五年里，力量举运动员成绩提高了12%（10%），举重运动员提高了9%（7%），存在小但极有可能的实质性差异（2.9，±2.1%）。在力量举项目中，女性成绩提升可能比男性更大（2.7，±3.8%；小差异），在举重项目中极有可能更大（3.5，±1.6%；小差异）。在力量举运动员中，奖牌获得者成绩提升可能比未获奖牌者少（-1.7，±2.3%；小差异），而在举重运动员中，差异可能微小（2.3，±1.8%）。
这些关于成绩发展的新见解将有助于从业者评估取得成功的策略。
