Tønnessen Espen, Haugen Thomas A, Hem Erlend, Leirstein Svein, Seiler Stephen
Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015 Oct;10(7):835-9. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0431. Epub 2015 Jan 22.
To generate updated Olympic-medal benchmarks for VO2max in winter endurance disciplines, examine possible differences in VO2max between medalists and nonmedalists, and calculate gender difference in V˙ O2max based on a homogeneous subset of world-leading endurance athletes.
The authors identified 111 athletes who participated in winter Olympic Games/World Championships in the period 1990 to 2013. All identified athletes tested VO2max at the Norwegian Olympic Training Center within ±1 y of their championship performance. Testing procedures were consistent throughout the entire period.
For medal-winning athletes, the following relative VO2max values (mean:95% confidence intervals) for men/women were observed (mL · min-1 · kg-1): 84:87-81/72:77-68 for cross-country distance skiing, 78:81-75/68:73-64 for cross-country sprint skiing, 81:84-78/67:73-61 for biathlon, and 77:80-75 for Nordic combined (men only). Similar benchmarks for absolute VO2max (L/min) in male/female athletes are 6.4:6.1-6.7/4.3:4.1-4.5 for cross-country distance skiers, 6.3:5.8-6.8/4.0:3.7-4.3 for cross-country sprint skiers, 6.2:5.7-6.4/4.0:3.7-4.3 for biathletes, and 5.3:5.0-5.5 for Nordic combined (men only). The difference in relative VO2max between medalists and nonmedalists was large for Nordic combined, moderate for cross-country distance and biathlon, and small/trivial for the other disciplines. Corresponding differences in absolute VO2max were small/trivial for all disciplines. Male cross-country medalists achieve 15% higher relative VO2max than corresponding women.
This study provides updated benchmark VO2max values for Olympic-medal-level performance in winter endurance disciplines and can serve as a guideline of the requirements for future elite athletes.
生成冬季耐力项目中更新后的奥运会奖牌级别的最大摄氧量基准，研究奖牌获得者与非奖牌获得者之间最大摄氧量的可能差异，并基于世界顶级耐力运动员的同质子集计算最大摄氧量的性别差异。
作者确定了111名在1990年至2013年期间参加过冬奥会/世界锦标赛的运动员。所有确定的运动员在其锦标赛成绩的±1年内于挪威奥林匹克训练中心进行了最大摄氧量测试。整个期间的测试程序保持一致。
对于获奖运动员，观察到男子/女子的以下相对最大摄氧量值（均值：95%置信区间）（毫升·分钟⁻¹·千克⁻¹）：越野滑雪为84:87 - 81/72:77 - 68，越野短距离滑雪为78:81 - 75/68:73 - 64，冬季两项为81:84 - 78/67:73 - 61，北欧两项为77:80 - 75（仅男子）。男子/女子运动员绝对最大摄氧量（升/分钟）的类似基准为：越野滑雪者为6.4:6.1 - 6.7/4.3:4.1 - 4.5，越野短距离滑雪者为6.3:5.8 - 6.8/4.0:3.7 - 4.3，冬季两项运动员为6.2:5.7 - 6.4/4.0:3.7 - 4.3，北欧两项为5.3:5.0 - 5.5（仅男子）。北欧两项中奖牌获得者与非奖牌获得者之间的相对最大摄氧量差异较大，越野滑雪和冬季两项差异适中，其他项目差异较小/微不足道。所有项目中绝对最大摄氧量的相应差异较小/微不足道。男子越野滑雪奖牌获得者的相对最大摄氧量比相应的女子高15%。
本研究提供了冬季耐力项目中奥运会奖牌级别表现的更新后的最大摄氧量基准值，可作为未来精英运动员要求的指导方针。
