This paper describes the functionalization of poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (PPEGMA)-grafted CdTe (PPEGMA--CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) via surface-initiated reversible addition⁻fragmentation chain transfer (SI-RAFT) polymerization for immobilization of adenosine. Initially, the hydroxyl-coated CdTe QDs, synthesized using 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) as a capping agent, were coupled with a RAFT agent, -benzyl '-trimethoxysilylpropyltrithiocarbonate (BTPT), through a condensation reaction. Then, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was used to successfully initiate in situ RAFT polymerization to generate PPEGMA--CdTe nanocomposites. Adenosine-above-PPEGMA-grafted CdTe (Ado--PPEGMA--CdTe) hybrids were formed by the polymer shell, which had successfully undergone bioconjugation and postfunctionalization by adenosine (as a nucleoside). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy results indicated that a robust covalent bond was created between the organic PPEGMA part, cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs, and the adenosine conjugate. The optical properties of the PPEGMA--CdTe and Ado--PPEGMA--CdTe hybrids were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and the results suggest that they have a great potential for application as optimal materials in biomedicine.