Dattelbaum Dana M, Coe Joshua D
Explosives Science and Shock Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
Polymers (Basel). 2019 Mar 13;11(3):493. doi: 10.3390/polym11030493.
Polymers and foams are pervasive in everyday life, as well as in specialized contexts such as space exploration, industry, and defense. They are frequently subject to shock loading in the latter cases, and will chemically decompose to small molecule gases and carbon (soot) under loads of sufficient strength. We review a body of work-most of it performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory-on polymers and foams under extreme conditions. To provide some context, we begin with a brief review of basic concepts in shockwave physics, including features particular to transitions (chemical reaction or phase transition) entailing an abrupt reduction in volume. We then discuss chemical formulations and synthesis, as well as experimental platforms used to interrogate polymers under shock loading. A high-level summary of equations of state for polymers and their decomposition products is provided, and their application illustrated. We then present results including temperatures and product compositions, thresholds for reaction, wave profiles, and some peculiarities of traditional modeling approaches. We close with some thoughts regarding future work.
聚合物和泡沫材料在日常生活中无处不在，在诸如太空探索、工业和国防等特殊领域也广泛应用。在这些特殊情况下，它们经常受到冲击载荷，并且在足够强度的载荷作用下会化学分解为小分子气体和碳（烟灰）。我们回顾了一系列工作——其中大部分是在洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室进行的——关于极端条件下的聚合物和泡沫材料。为了提供一些背景信息，我们首先简要回顾冲击波物理学的基本概念，包括涉及体积突然减小的转变（化学反应或相变）的特殊特征。然后我们讨论化学配方和合成，以及用于研究冲击载荷下聚合物的实验平台。提供了聚合物及其分解产物的状态方程的高级概述，并说明了它们的应用。然后我们展示结果，包括温度和产物组成、反应阈值、波剖面以及传统建模方法的一些特点。最后我们对未来工作提出了一些想法。
