Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
Grupo de Investigaciones Biológicas de la Orinoquia, Fundación Universidad del Trópico Americano (Unitrópico), Yopal, Colombia.
Parasit Vectors. 2019 Apr 8;12(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3422-y.
Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and is transmitted by hematophagous insects of the family Reduviidae. Psammolestes arthuri is a sylvatic triatomine distributed in Colombia and Venezuela which feeds on birds and there are a few studies that have reported Ps. arthuri naturally infected with T. cruzi. In Colombia, Ps. arthuri has been found in dwellings, making it important to evaluate its possible role in the T. cruzi transmission cycle. We aimed to evaluate the presence of T. cruzi and feeding sources of Ps. arthuri to elucidate new possible scenarios of T. cruzi transmission in the country.
A total of 60 Ps. arthuri were collected in Arauca and Casanare, Colombia. We detected and genotyped T. cruzi and identified feeding sources. The frequency of the presence of T. cruzi was obtained and compared with different eco-epidemiological variables. Multiple correspondence analysis was conducted to explore associations between eco-epidemiological variables and the presence of T. cruzi; with these results, a logistic regression was used to determine statistical associations.
The infection rate of T. cruzi was 70.7% and was mostly associated with insect stage, sex, bird nest and feeding source. Regarding discrete typing units (DTUs), TcI was found in 54.7% samples, of which 21.7% (5/23) were TcI, 52.1% (12/23) had mixed infection (TcI-TcI), and single infection with TcI was not detected. Mixed infections (TcI/TcII-TcVI) were found in 9.52% (4/42) of the samples; of these, 14.2% (6/42) were TcII-TcVI. A total of 15 feeding sources were identified and the most frequent were: Cranioleuca baroni (35.85%), Homo sapiens (26.42%), Thraupis episcopus (11.32%) and Serinus albogularis (3.77%).
Although Ps. arthuri is mainly ornithophilic, this species may be feeding on other animals that can be infected with T. cruzi, possibly playing a role maintaining the zoonotic cycle of the parasite. Further studies with molecular techniques and wider sampling are needed to improve information regarding infection rates, ecotopes and habits with the aim of evaluating whether Ps. arthuri could be a potential T. cruzi vector.
恰加斯病（CD）是由原生动物寄生虫克氏锥虫引起的，通过吸血的锥蝽科昆虫传播。Psammolestes arthuri 是一种分布在哥伦比亚和委内瑞拉的森林性锥蝽，以鸟类为食，有一些研究报告称 Ps. arthuri 自然感染了克氏锥虫。在哥伦比亚，Ps. arthuri 已在住宅中被发现，因此评估其在克氏锥虫传播循环中的可能作用非常重要。我们旨在评估克氏锥虫的存在和 Ps. arthuri 的摄食来源，以阐明该国克氏锥虫传播的新可能情况。
总共从哥伦比亚的 Arauca 和 Casanare 收集了 60 只 Ps. arthuri。我们检测和基因分型了克氏锥虫并鉴定了摄食来源。获得了克氏锥虫存在的频率，并与不同的生态流行病学变量进行了比较。进行了多元对应分析以探索生态流行病学变量与克氏锥虫存在之间的关联；根据这些结果，使用逻辑回归确定了统计关联。
克氏锥虫的感染率为 70.7%，主要与昆虫阶段、性别、鸟巢和摄食来源有关。关于离散型别单位（DTUs），发现 TcI 占 54.7%的样本，其中 21.7%（5/23）为 TcI，52.1%（12/23）为混合感染（TcI-TcI），未检测到单一感染 TcI。混合感染（TcI/TcII-TcVI）在 9.52%（4/42）的样本中发现；其中，14.2%（6/42）为 TcII-TcVI。总共确定了 15 种摄食来源，最常见的是：Cranioleuca baroni（35.85%）、智人（26.42%）、Thraupis episcopus（11.32%）和 Serinus albogularis（3.77%）。
尽管 Ps. arthuri 主要以鸟类为食，但这种物种可能正在摄食其他可能感染克氏锥虫的动物，这可能在维持寄生虫的人畜共患病循环中发挥作用。需要使用分子技术和更广泛的采样进行进一步研究，以提高有关感染率、生态位和习性的信息，目的是评估 Ps. arthuri 是否可能成为克氏锥虫的潜在传播媒介。
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