Orlandi Silvana Paiva, Santos Leonardo Pozza, Menezes Ana Maria Baptista, Wehrmeister Fernando C, Gonçalves Helen, Assunção Maria Cecília Formoso
1Faculdade de Nutrição, Nutrition College, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 01 - 2 piso, Pelotas, 96010-610 Brazil.
2Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2019 Mar 25;16:21. doi: 10.1186/s12986-019-0347-6. eCollection 2019.
Differences in total body and regional adiposity according to sex are observed from an early age, but these differences become more evident after puberty due to hormonal changes. We aimed to assess the evolution of total body and regional adiposity from 18 to 22 years of age and the associated sociodemographic and nutritional characteristics.
In total, 3274 individuals from the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort study followed up at 18 and 22 years of age. Measures of total body and regional adiposity were assessed using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the TC2 Three-Dimensional Photonic Scanner. We used fat mass index obtained from DXA as a measure of total body adiposity, and android and gynoid fat mass percentages (android or gynoid fat mass [kg]/total fat mass [kg])*100) as measures of regional adiposity. In addition, waist, hip and thigh circumferences from the photonic scanner were also used as measures of regional adiposity. We evaluated these measurements at 18 and 22 years of age by sex and estimated differences between them according to sociodemographic and nutritional characteristics.
While men and women did not differ in terms of BMI, females exhibited a higher fat mass index, gynoid fat mass percentage, and hip and thigh circumferences; men exhibited higher android fat mass percentage and waist circumference at both time points. Increases in all body measurements from age 18 to 22 were observed in men and women, except for gynoid fat mass percentage, which decreased in both sexes. Socioeconomic position and race were the independent variables most associated with adiposity rising from age 18 to 22 in women, with black women and women of lower socioeconomic positions exhibiting larger increases in adiposity.
There was an increase in adiposity and a centralization of body shape from late adolescence to early adulthood, indicating possible early risks for noncommunicable diseases in this cohort.
从早年起就能观察到男女在全身和局部肥胖方面的差异，但由于激素变化，这些差异在青春期后变得更加明显。我们旨在评估18至22岁时全身和局部肥胖的演变情况以及相关的社会人口学和营养特征。
共有3274名来自1993年佩洛塔斯出生队列研究的个体在18岁和22岁时接受了随访。使用全身双能X线吸收法（DXA）和TC2三维光子扫描仪评估全身和局部肥胖情况。我们将从DXA获得的脂肪量指数用作全身肥胖的指标，将男性型和女性型脂肪量百分比（男性型或女性型脂肪量[千克]/总脂肪量[千克]×100）用作局部肥胖的指标。此外，还使用光子扫描仪测量的腰围、臀围和大腿围作为局部肥胖的指标。我们按性别评估了这些测量值在18岁和22岁时的情况，并根据社会人口学和营养特征估计了它们之间的差异。
虽然男性和女性在BMI方面没有差异，但女性的脂肪量指数、女性型脂肪量百分比以及臀围和大腿围更高；男性在两个时间点的男性型脂肪量百分比和腰围更高。男性和女性从18岁到22岁所有身体测量值均有增加，但女性型脂肪量百分比除外，两性该指标均下降。社会经济地位和种族是与女性从18岁到22岁肥胖增加最相关的自变量，黑人女性和社会经济地位较低的女性肥胖增加幅度更大。
从青春期后期到成年早期，肥胖有所增加，体型呈向心性，表明该队列中可能存在非传染性疾病的早期风险。
