Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.
Curr Eye Res. 2019 Sep;44(9):955-962. doi: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1606252. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
: To determine the prevalence of posterior segment manifestations among consecutive patients with pathological myopia attending our University Hospital general ophthalmology clinic and their association with age, refractive error, axial length and each other. : Patients diagnosed with pathological myopia underwent full ophthalmological examination, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and ocular ultrasonography. Manifestations detected were recorded for each eye and their prevalence and association with age, refractive error, axial length and each other was determined. : A total of 127 eyes of 77 patients with pathological myopia were examined. The most prevalent manifestation was peripheral retinal lesions, found in 63.8% of examined eyes, followed by tigroid fundus, found in 59.1%. Peripheral lesions were significantly associated with more myopia (P = .02) and longer axial length (P = .046). The commonest peripheral lesion was white without pressure, found in 37.8% of eyes. Lattice degeneration was found in 11.8% and snail track degeneration in 4.7% and was not associated with degree of myopia or axial length. Diffuse chorioretinal atrophy was present in 40.9% of eyes, while patchy atrophy was present in 18.9%. Macular holes were present in 4.7% of eyes and were significantly associated with foveoschisis (P = .035) and retinal detachment (P = .003), while foveoschisis was present in 5.5% and was significantly associated with older age (P = .012), longer axial length (P = .010) and patchy chorioretinal atrophy (P = .024). Retinal detachment was found in 6.3% of eyes and retinal breaks in 4.7%. Posterior staphyloma was detected in 33.1% and lacquer cracks and choroidal neovascular membranes in 6.3% of eyes. : The prevalence of pathological myopia manifestations may differ between different populations. This may be due to the multiple genetic and environmental factors involved which may result in a variable natural history of the condition among different populations.
为了确定在我们大学医院综合眼科诊所连续就诊的病理性近视患者的后段表现的患病率，并确定其与年龄、屈光不正、眼轴长度及彼此之间的相关性。
患者被诊断为病理性近视后，进行了全面的眼科检查、光学相干断层扫描、荧光素血管造影和眼部超声检查。记录每只眼的检测结果，并确定其患病率及其与年龄、屈光不正、眼轴长度及彼此之间的相关性。
共检查了 77 例 127 只病理性近视患者的眼睛。最常见的表现是周边视网膜病变，在 63.8%的检查眼中发现，其次是格子样眼底，占 59.1%。周边病变与近视程度更高（P=0.02）和眼轴更长（P=0.046）显著相关。最常见的周边病变是无压白，占 37.8%的眼睛。格子样变性见于 11.8%，蜗牛轨道样变性见于 4.7%，与近视程度或眼轴长度无关。弥漫性脉络膜视网膜萎缩见于 40.9%的眼睛，而斑片状萎缩见于 18.9%。黄斑裂孔见于 4.7%的眼睛，与黄斑劈裂（P=0.035）和视网膜脱离（P=0.003）显著相关，而黄斑劈裂见于 5.5%，与年龄较大（P=0.012）、眼轴较长（P=0.010）和斑片状脉络膜视网膜萎缩（P=0.024）显著相关。视网膜脱离见于 6.3%的眼睛，视网膜裂孔见于 4.7%的眼睛。后葡萄肿见于 33.1%的眼睛，漆裂纹和脉络膜新生血管膜见于 6.3%的眼睛。
病理性近视表现的患病率在不同人群之间可能有所不同。这可能是由于涉及的多种遗传和环境因素导致的，这些因素可能导致不同人群中疾病的自然史不同。
