Yang Guorui, Ilango P Robert, Wang Silan, Nasir Muhammad Salman, Li Linlin, Ji Dongxiao, Hu Yuxiang, Ramakrishna Seeram, Yan Wei, Peng Shengjie
Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Small. 2019 May;15(22):e1900628. doi: 10.1002/smll.201900628. Epub 2019 Apr 10.
In the scenario of renewable clean energy gradually replacing fossil energy, grid-scale energy storage systems are urgently necessary, where Na-ion batteries (SIBs) could supply crucial support, due to abundant Na raw materials and a similar electrochemical mechanism to Li-ion batteries. The limited energy density is one of the major challenges hindering the commercialization of SIBs. Alloy-type anodes with high theoretical capacities provide good opportunities to address this issue. However, these anodes suffer from the large volume expansion and inferior conductivity, which induce rapid capacity fading, poor rate properties, and safety issues. Carbon-based alloy-type composites (CAC) have been extensively applied in the effective construction of anodes that improved electrochemical performance, as the carbon component could alleviate the volume change and increase the conductivity. Here, state-of-the-art CAC anode materials applied in SIBs are summarized, including their design principle, characterization, and electrochemical performance. The corresponding alloying mechanism along with its advantages and disadvantages is briefly presented. The crucial roles and working mechanism of the carbon matrix in CAC anodes are discussed in depth. Lastly, the existing challenges and the perspectives are proposed. Such an understanding critically paves the way for tailoring and designing suitable alloy-type anodes toward practical applications.
在可再生清洁能源逐渐取代化石能源的背景下，迫切需要电网规模的储能系统，其中钠离子电池（SIBs）由于钠原材料丰富且电化学机制与锂离子电池相似，能够提供关键支持。有限的能量密度是阻碍钠离子电池商业化的主要挑战之一。具有高理论容量的合金型负极提供了解决这一问题的良好机遇。然而，这些负极存在体积膨胀大、导电性差的问题，会导致容量快速衰减、倍率性能差以及安全问题。碳基合金型复合材料（CAC）已被广泛应用于有效构建可改善电化学性能的负极，因为碳成分可以缓解体积变化并提高导电性。在此，总结了应用于钠离子电池的先进CAC负极材料，包括其设计原理、表征和电化学性能。简要介绍了相应的合金化机制及其优缺点。深入讨论了碳基体在CAC负极中的关键作用和工作机制。最后，提出了现存的挑战和展望。这样的理解为定制和设计适用于实际应用的合金型负极至关重要地铺平了道路。
