Spanjaard L, Bol P, Zanen H C
J Hyg (Lond). 1986 Oct;97(2):219-28. doi: 10.1017/s002217240006530x.
In the Netherlands, case histories of 160 patients aged more than 1 month, with meningitis due to bacteria other than Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were reviewed in order to look for associations between the bacteriological data and the course of disease. The incidence of such cases was about 0.8/100,000/year. Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes each accounted for about 15% of the cases. The case-fatality rate was 18.8% (Gram-negative bacteria, 25%; Gram-positives, 15%) and sequelae occurred in 13.3% of the surviving patients (14 and 13% Gram-negative and Gram-positive, respectively). Hearing loss was the most prevalent sequela (5.0%). Predisposing factors were present in 70% of patients (69 and 71% respectively), especially in meningitis due to enteric Gram-negative bacteria (except for salmonella) and due to staphylococci. Surveillance is important because the incidence of meningitis due to these micro-organisms is likely to increase and because the problems in antibiotic treatment have not yet been solved.
在荷兰，回顾了160例年龄超过1个月、由脑膜炎奈瑟菌、流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎链球菌以外的细菌引起脑膜炎的患者病历，以寻找细菌学数据与病程之间的关联。此类病例的发病率约为每年0.8/10万。大肠杆菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌各占病例的约15%。病死率为18.8%（革兰氏阴性菌为25%；革兰氏阳性菌为15%），13.3%的存活患者出现后遗症（革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌分别为14%和13%）。听力丧失是最常见的后遗症（5.0%）。70%的患者存在易感因素（分别为69%和71%），尤其是在由肠道革兰氏阴性菌（沙门氏菌除外）和葡萄球菌引起的脑膜炎中。监测很重要，因为这些微生物引起的脑膜炎发病率可能会增加，而且抗生素治疗中的问题尚未解决。
