Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China.
Environmental Biotechnology & Genomics Division, CSIR-NEERI, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, MH, 440020, India.
Sci Rep. 2019 Apr 10;9(1):5893. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42333-4.
Tropical rainforests play important roles in carbon sequestration and are hot spots for biodiversity. Tropical forests are being replaced by rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations, causing widespread concern of a crash in biodiversity. Such changes in aboveground vegetation might have stronger impacts on belowground biodiversity. We studied tropical rainforest fragments and derived rubber plantations at a network of sites in Xishuangbanna, China, hypothesizing a major decrease in diversity with conversion to plantations. We used metabarcoding of the 18S rRNA gene and recovered 2313 OTUs, with a total of 449 OTUs shared between the two land-use types. The most abundant phyla detected were Annelida (66.4% reads) followed by arthropods (15.5% reads) and nematodes (8.9% reads). Of these, only annelids were significantly more abundant in rubber plantation. Taken together, α- and β-diversity were significantly higher in forest than rubber plantation. Soil pH and spatial distance explained a significant portion of the variability in phylogenetic community structure for both land-use types. Community assembly was primarily influenced by stochastic processes. Overall it appears that forest replacement by rubber plantation results in an overall loss and extensive replacement of soil micro- and mesofaunal biodiversity, which should be regarded as an additional aspect of the impact of forest conversion.
热带雨林在碳固存方面发挥着重要作用，也是生物多样性的热点地区。热带雨林正被橡胶（Hevea brasiliensis）种植园所取代，这引起了人们对生物多样性急剧减少的广泛关注。地上植被的这种变化可能对地下生物多样性产生更强的影响。我们研究了西双版纳的一系列雨林片段和衍生的橡胶种植园，假设这种转变会导致多样性的大幅减少。我们使用 18S rRNA 基因的 metabarcoding 技术，共恢复了 2313 个 OTUs，其中有 449 个 OTUs在两种土地利用类型中都有。检测到的最丰富的门是环节动物门（66.4%的reads），其次是节肢动物门（15.5%的reads）和线虫门（8.9%的reads）。在这些门中，只有环节动物在橡胶种植园中更为丰富。总的来说，森林的 α-和 β-多样性都显著高于橡胶种植园。土壤 pH 值和空间距离解释了两种土地利用类型的系统发育群落结构变异性的很大一部分。群落组装主要受到随机过程的影响。总的来说，橡胶种植园取代森林似乎导致了土壤微型和中型动物生物多样性的整体丧失和广泛替代，这应该被视为森林转化影响的另一个方面。
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