Trejo-Téllez Libia Iris, Estrada-Ortiz Elías, Gómez-Merino Fernando Carlos, Becker Christine, Krumbein Angelika, Schwarz Dietmar
Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Mexico.
Department of Crop Protection, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany.
Front Plant Sci. 2019 Mar 27;10:371. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00371. eCollection 2019.
We evaluated the effects of phosphate (Pi-deficiency: 0.1 mM; Pi-sufficiency: 0.5 mM), phosphite (low-Phi: 0.1 mM; medium-Phi: 0.5 mM; and high-Phi: 2.5 mM), and two mean daily photosynthetically active radiations (lower PAR: 22.2 mol ⋅ m ⋅ d; higher PAR: 29.7 mol ⋅ m ⋅ d), as well as their interactions, on flavonoid, nitrate and glucosinolate (GL) concentrations and growth characteristics in hydroponically grown cv. Mibuna Early and cv. Red Giant. As expected, higher PAR increased dry matter and contrariwise decreased number of leaves but only in . Total flavonoid and individual flavonoid compounds increased with the higher PAR value in . Pi-sufficiency resulted in a lower quercetin concentration in both species, the isorhamnetin and total flavonoid concentrations in , and the cyanidin concentration in , in comparison to Pi-deficiency. Similarly, Pi-sufficient plants exhibited lower GL concentration, especially alkyl-GLs in and alkenyl-GLs and an aryl-GL in . Pi did not affect the nitrate concentration in either species, and nor did Phi influence the flavonoid concentrations in either species. In , medium Phi (0.5 mM) increased the 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl GL concentration by 28.3%, as compared to that observed at low Phi. In , high Phi level increased the but-3-enyl-GL concentration by 18.9%, in comparison to values recorded at medium Phi. plants exposed to higher PAR increased total flavonoids concentration. In both species, higher PAR stimulated the alkyl-, alkenyl-, and indole-GLs. The interaction of lower PAR and increasing Phi significantly decreased flavonoid concentration in , whereas increasing Phi at higher PAR increased such concentration in this species. The same combination reduced the concentration of 2-phenylethyl- and indol-3-ylmethyl-GL in . The highest indol-3-ylmethyl-GL concentration was observed when Pi was deficient combined with medium Phi in . Thus, PAR, Pi and Phi may modulate flavonoid, GL and nitrate concentrations in species, which may be a useful tool to improve the nutraceutical quality of these leafy vegetables if properly managed.
我们评估了磷酸盐（缺磷：0.1 mM；供磷充足：0.5 mM）、亚磷酸盐（低浓度亚磷酸盐：0.1 mM；中等浓度亚磷酸盐：0.5 mM；高浓度亚磷酸盐：2.5 mM）以及两种日平均光合有效辐射（较低光合有效辐射：22.2 mol·m⁻²·d；较高光合有效辐射：29.7 mol·m⁻²·d）及其相互作用对水培生长的早熟水菜品种和红巨人品种中黄酮类化合物、硝酸盐和芥子油苷（GL）浓度以及生长特性的影响。正如预期的那样，较高的光合有效辐射增加了干物质含量，反之减少了叶片数量，但仅在……中如此。在……中，较高的光合有效辐射值使总黄酮和单个黄酮类化合物增加。与缺磷相比，供磷充足导致两个品种中的槲皮素浓度降低，……中的异鼠李素和总黄酮浓度降低，以及……中的花青素浓度降低。同样，供磷充足的植株表现出较低的芥子油苷浓度，尤其是……中的烷基芥子油苷和……中的烯基芥子油苷以及一种芳基芥子油苷。磷对两个品种中的硝酸盐浓度均无影响，亚磷酸盐对两个品种中的黄酮类化合物浓度也无影响。在……中，与低浓度亚磷酸盐相比，中等浓度亚磷酸盐（0.5 mM）使1 - 甲氧基吲哚 - 3 - 基甲基芥子油苷浓度增加了28.3%。在……中，与中等浓度亚磷酸盐时记录的值相比，高浓度亚磷酸盐使丁 - 3 - 烯基芥子油苷浓度增加了18.9%。暴露于较高光合有效辐射的……植株总黄酮浓度增加。在两个……品种中，较高的光合有效辐射刺激了烷基、烯基和吲哚芥子油苷。较低光合有效辐射与增加的亚磷酸盐浓度之间的相互作用显著降低了……中的黄酮类化合物浓度，而在该品种中，在较高光合有效辐射下增加亚磷酸盐浓度则增加了此类浓度。相同的组合降低了……中2 - 苯乙基和吲哚 - 3 - 基甲基芥子油苷的浓度。当……中缺磷与中等浓度亚磷酸盐结合时，观察到吲哚 - 3 - 基甲基芥子油苷浓度最高。因此，光合有效辐射、磷和亚磷酸盐可能调节……品种中的黄酮类化合物、芥子油苷和硝酸盐浓度，如果管理得当，这可能是提高这些叶菜类蔬菜营养品质的有用工具。
