中国上海儿童早期混合牙列错（牙合）畸形及咬合特征的患病率
Prevalence of malocclusion and occlusal traits in the early mixed dentition in Shanghai, China.
作者信息
Yu Xin, Zhang Hao, Sun Liangyan, Pan Jie, Liu Yuehua, Chen Li
机构信息
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
出版信息
PeerJ. 2019 Apr 2;7:e6630. doi: 10.7717/peerj.6630. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND
Epidemiological data on malocclusion among Chinese children are scant. The aim of this study was to provide detailed information on the prevalence of malocclusion in early mixed dentition children in Shanghai, China.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2016 to April 2017, and 2,810 children aged 7- to 9- years were selected from 10 primary schools by cluster random sampling. Several occlusal parameters, including Angle molar relationship, overjet, overbite, open bite, anterior and posterior crossbite, midline displacement, scissors bite, and teeth crowding and spacing, were clinically registered by five calibrated orthodontic dentists.
RESULTS
We found that 79.4% children presented one or more occlusal anomalies. Angle Class I, Class II and Class III molar relationship were recorded in 42.3%, 50.9% and 5.9% of the sample, respectively. The proportion of Class III increased from 5.0% at age 7 to 7.8% at age 9. In the sagittal plane, increased overjet >3 mm was observed in 40.8% subjects, while the prevalence of severe overjet (>8 mm), anterior edge-to-edge (zero overjet) and anterior crossbite were 5.2%, 8.1% and 10.5%, respectively. Vertically, deep overbite >2/3 overlap was found in 6.2% of the children and open bite in 4.3%. Boys exhibited a higher rate of overbite than girls. For the transversal occlusal anomalies, 36.1% of the children had a midline displacement, which was followed by posterior crossbite (2.6%) and scissors bite (1.0%). Teeth space discrepancies were also common anomalies and anterior crowding (>2 mm) affecting 28.4% of the children, while anterior spacing (>4 mm) affecting 9.5%. Girls showed a higher prevalence of anterior crowding and a lower frequency of teeth spacing than boys.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrated that malocclusion is prevalent among children in the early mixed dentition, and more health resources should be warranted to meet the challenge of prevention or early intervention of malocclusion.
背景
关于中国儿童错牙合畸形的流行病学数据较少。本研究的目的是提供中国上海早期混合牙列儿童错牙合畸形患病率的详细信息。
方法
于2016年9月至2017年4月进行了一项横断面调查，通过整群随机抽样从10所小学选取了2810名7至9岁的儿童。由5名经过校准的正畸牙医对包括安氏磨牙关系、覆盖、覆牙合、开牙合、前后反牙合、中线偏移、剪刀牙合以及牙齿拥挤和间隙等几个咬合参数进行临床记录。
结果
我们发现79.4%的儿童存在一种或多种咬合异常。样本中安氏I类磨牙关系、II类磨牙关系和III类磨牙关系的记录比例分别为42.3%、50.9%和5.9%。III类的比例从7岁时的5.0%增加到9岁时的7.8%。在矢状面上，40.8%的受试者观察到覆盖增加>3mm，而严重覆盖（>8mm）、前牙对刃（零覆盖）和前牙反牙合的患病率分别为5.2%、8.1%和10.5%。在垂直方向上，6.2% 的儿童发现有深覆牙合>2/3重叠，4.3%的儿童有开牙合。男孩的覆牙合发生率高于女孩。对于横向咬合异常，36.1%的儿童存在中线偏移，其次是后牙反牙合（2.6%）和剪刀牙合（1.0%）。牙齿间隙差异也是常见的异常情况，前牙拥挤（>2mm）影响28.4%的儿童，而前牙间隙（>4mm）影响9.5%。女孩前牙拥挤的患病率高于男孩，牙齿间隙的发生率低于男孩。
结论
我们的研究表明，错牙合畸形在早期混合牙列儿童中很普遍，应保证有更多的卫生资源来应对错牙合畸形预防或早期干预的挑战。
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