Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Unidade de Investigação Em Ciências Orais E Biomédicas (UICOB), 1600-277, Lisbon, Portugal.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2024 Oct;25(5):721-729. doi: 10.1007/s40368-024-00935-1. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
To determine the prevalence of malocclusion in Portuguese preschool children, to characterise occlusion in the deciduous dentition, and to study the relationship between malocclusion, sex, and age.
This cross-sectional study included 3-6 years old children, from 25 randomly selected kindergartens from the Lisbon district. Data were collected through an oral examination. Malocclusion was defined as the presence of any type of occlusion anomaly (anterior crossbite, edge-to-edge, increased overjet, open bite, deep overbite, posterior crossbite, scissor bite), spacing anomaly (crowding), or dentition anomaly (supernumerary teeth, agenesis, malformations). Canine class, terminal plane of the deciduous second molars and type of Baume arch were also recorded. Statistical analysis included descriptive and chi-squared test (α = 0.05).
The sample included 426 children with a global prevalence of malocclusion of 60.6%. Occlusion anomalies were the most prevalent (59.2%), the most frequent being deep overbite (27%), increased overjet (22.1%) and posterior crossbite (14.1%). Crowding had a prevalence of 1.6% and agenesis of 1.4%. Class I canine (57.3%), straight second molar terminal plane (60.1%) and type I Baume arch (53.3%) were the most common. The mean overjet was 2.6 mm (sd = 2.1) and the mean overbite was 2.2 mm (sd = 2.1). Age was associated with the presence of occlusion anomalies (p = 0.03), and increased overjet prevalence was found to be higher in girls (p = 0.03).
The prevalence of malocclusion was high, with occlusion anomalies being the most prevalent. It is important to identify modifiable risk factors associated with malocclusion to prevent this condition in both the deciduous and permanent dentitions.
确定葡萄牙学龄前儿童错颌畸形的患病率，描述乳牙列的咬合情况，并研究错颌畸形、性别和年龄之间的关系。
本横断面研究纳入了来自里斯本地区 25 所随机幼儿园的 3-6 岁儿童。通过口腔检查收集数据。错颌畸形定义为存在任何类型的咬合异常（前牙反颌、对刃、深覆颌、开颌、深覆盖、后牙反颌、剪刀型）、间隙异常（拥挤）或牙齿异常（多生牙、缺失、畸形）。还记录了恒尖牙的牙弓类型、乳磨牙的终末平面。统计学分析包括描述性分析和卡方检验（α=0.05）。
该样本包括 426 名儿童，总体错颌畸形患病率为 60.6%。咬合异常最为常见（59.2%），深覆颌（27%）、深覆盖（22.1%）和后牙反颌（14.1%）最为常见。拥挤的患病率为 1.6%，缺失的患病率为 1.4%。恒尖牙为 I 类（57.3%）、第二磨牙终末平面为直（60.1%）、Baume 牙弓类型为 I 型（53.3%）最为常见。平均覆颌为 2.6mm（标准差=2.1），平均覆盖为 2.2mm（标准差=2.1）。年龄与咬合异常的发生有关（p=0.03），且女孩深覆盖的患病率较高（p=0.03）。
错颌畸形的患病率较高，其中咬合异常最为常见。重要的是要识别与错颌畸形相关的可改变的危险因素，以预防乳牙和恒牙列的错颌畸形。
