Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
CERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Feb;27(5):4557-4570. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04889-6. Epub 2019 Apr 10.
At a building or dwelling scale, accurate evaluation of the water savings potential from rainwater harvesting (RWH) can be achieved by simulating the performance of the RWH system using a balance equations model. At an urban scale, water savings potential is usually estimated from the balance between the annual rainfall and annual water consumption. This approach has limited accuracy since it assumes an infinite storage capacity and it disregards the variability of the ratio between the water collected and water consumed in each building. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate rainwater harvesting potential at an urban level taking into consideration buildings' characteristics and consumption pattern. The complexity of the model is balanced with the format and detail of the information available to allow fast and easy implementation with few resources. The proposed methodology is applied to the city of Lisbon, Portugal, located on the Atlantic coast of the Mediterranean climate region. The results demonstrate water savings potential ranging from 16 to 86% depending on the buildings and occupancy characteristics. The spatial variability of the rainfall in the city of Lisbon was found to be negligible for rainwater harvesting potential evaluation.
在建筑物或住宅层面，可以通过使用平衡方程模型模拟雨水收集（RWH）系统的性能，从而准确评估雨水收集的节水潜力。在城市层面，节水潜力通常是通过年度降雨量和年度用水量之间的平衡来估算的。这种方法的准确性有限，因为它假设存储容量是无限的，并且忽略了每个建筑物中收集的水量与消耗的水量之间的比例的可变性。本文提出了一种在考虑建筑物特征和消费模式的情况下评估城市雨水收集潜力的方法。该模型的复杂性与可用信息的格式和详细程度相平衡，以便在资源有限的情况下快速轻松地实现。所提出的方法应用于位于地中海气候区大西洋沿岸的葡萄牙里斯本市。结果表明，根据建筑物和入住率的特点，节水潜力范围在 16%至 86%之间。发现里斯本市的降雨量空间变异性对于雨水收集潜力评估来说可以忽略不计。
