Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Pediatr Diabetes. 2019 Aug;20(5):556-566. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12856. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To identify and characterize subgroups of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) who share patterns in their continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data as "dysglycemia phenotypes."
Data were analyzed from the Flexible Lifestyles Empowering Change randomized trial. Adolescents with T1D (13-16 years, duration >1 year) and HbA1c 8% to 13% (64-119 mmol/mol) wore blinded CGM at baseline for 7 days. Participants were clustered based on eight CGM metrics measuring hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and glycemic variability. Clusters were characterized by their baseline features and 18 months changes in HbA1c using adjusted mixed effects models. For comparison, participants were stratified by baseline HbA1c (≤/>9.0% [75 mmol/mol]).
The study sample included 234 adolescents (49.8% female, baseline age 14.8 ± 1.1 years, baseline T1D duration 6.4 ± 3.7 years, baseline HbA1c 9.6% ± 1.2%, [81 ± 13 mmol/mol]). Three Dysglycemia Clusters were identified with significant differences across all CGM metrics (P < .001). Dysglycemia Cluster 3 (n = 40, 17.1%) showed severe hypoglycemia and glycemic variability with moderate hyperglycemia and had a lower baseline HbA1c than Clusters 1 and 2 (P < .001). This cluster showed increases in HbA1c over 18 months (p-for-interaction = 0.006). No other baseline characteristics were associated with Dysglycemia Clusters. High HbA1c was associated with lower pump use, greater insulin doses, more frequent blood glucose monitoring, lower motivation, and lower adherence to diabetes self-management (all P < .05).
There are subgroups of adolescents with T1D for which glycemic control is challenged by different aspects of dysglycemia. Enhanced understanding of demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics that contribute to CGM-derived dysglycemia phenotypes may reveal strategies to improve treatment.
背景/目的：识别和描述 1 型糖尿病（T1D）青少年中存在的血糖升高（HbA1c）亚组，这些亚组在其连续血糖监测（CGM）数据中存在“血糖异常表型”模式。
对来自灵活生活方式改变随机试验（Flexible Lifestyles Empowering Change randomized trial）的数据进行分析。13-16 岁、T1D 病程>1 年、HbA1c 8%-13%（64-119mmol/mol）的青少年在基线时佩戴盲法 CGM 7 天。根据 8 项 CGM 指标（测量低血糖、高血糖和血糖变异性）对参与者进行聚类。使用调整后的混合效应模型，根据基线特征和 18 个月 HbA1c 的变化来描述聚类特征。为了进行比较，根据基线 HbA1c（≤/>9.0%[75mmol/mol]）对参与者进行分层。
研究样本包括 234 名青少年（49.8%为女性，基线年龄 14.8±1.1 岁，基线 T1D 病程 6.4±3.7 年，基线 HbA1c 9.6%±1.2%，[81±13mmol/mol]）。在所有 CGM 指标上均存在显著差异，确定了 3 个血糖异常聚类（P<0.001）。血糖异常聚类 3（n=40，17.1%）表现出严重的低血糖和血糖变异性，同时伴有中度高血糖，且基线 HbA1c 低于聚类 1 和聚类 2（P<0.001）。该聚类在 18 个月内 HbA1c 增加（p-for-interaction=0.006）。其他基线特征与血糖异常聚类无关。高 HbA1c 与较低的泵使用率、更大的胰岛素剂量、更频繁的血糖监测、较低的动机和较低的糖尿病自我管理依从性相关（所有 P<0.05）。
存在不同血糖异常方面存在挑战的 1 型糖尿病青少年亚组。增强对导致 CGM 衍生血糖异常表型的人口统计学、行为和临床特征的理解，可能会发现改善治疗的策略。
