University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Aug;36(15-16):NP8268-NP8289. doi: 10.1177/0886260519842171. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
This study was designed to assess racial/ethnic disparities in victimization from sexual harassment and assault by sex in the United States, and to assess racial/ethnic differences in depression/anxiety as a consequence of sexual harassment or assault, among those victimized. In January 2018, the organization Stop Street Harassment led a nationally representative online survey regarding lifetime experiences of sexual harassment and assault with women and men aged 18+ ( = 2,009). We used sex-stratified multinomial logistic regression models to assess racial/ethnic differences in (a) self-reported victimization from these sexual abuses and (b) depression/anxiety due to these abuses among those reporting victimization. Eighty-one percent (81%) of women and 43% of men reported victimization from sexual harassment (27% and 6% indicating sexual assault, for women and men, respectively). Among those reporting harassment or assault, 30.8% of women and 19.8% of men reported depression or anxiety as a consequence. We found no significant racial/ethnic disparities in victimization from sexual harassment or assault among women, although an insignificant trend of increased risk for harassment was seen for Hispanic relative to White women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95, 3.99). Black relative to White men had lower odds of reporting sexual harassment (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.30, 0.93), and Hispanic relative to White men had higher odds of reporting sexual assault (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.06, 4.45). No racial/ethnic differences were observed for women or men in likelihood of depression or anxiety as a consequence of this abuse. These findings highlight the ubiquity of sexual harassment and assault, especially for women, with increased risk for Hispanics relative to Whites. In addition, findings demonstrate mental health effects of these types of abuses regardless of sex and race/ethnicity. Broad social change is needed to support prevention and intervention efforts with intersectional and trauma-informed approaches.
本研究旨在评估美国性骚扰和性侵犯中基于性别的种族/民族差异，并评估受骚扰和侵犯者中因性骚扰或性侵犯而导致抑郁/焦虑的种族/民族差异。2018 年 1 月，Stop Street Harassment 组织领导了一项全国代表性的在线调查，调查对象为 18 岁及以上的女性和男性，了解他们一生中的性骚扰和性侵犯经历（共 2009 人）。我们使用按性别分层的多项逻辑回归模型来评估（a）这些性虐待中自我报告的受害情况，以及（b）在报告受害的人群中，因这些虐待而导致的抑郁/焦虑情况的种族/民族差异。81%的女性和 43%的男性报告遭受过性骚扰（女性分别为 27%和 6%，男性为性侵犯）。在报告骚扰或侵犯的人群中，30.8%的女性和 19.8%的男性表示，这是导致他们抑郁或焦虑的原因。我们发现，女性在遭受性骚扰或性侵犯方面没有明显的种族/民族差异，但与白人女性相比，西班牙裔女性遭受骚扰的风险略有增加（调整后的优势比 [AOR] = 1.95，95%置信区间 [CI] = 0.95，3.99）。与白人男性相比，黑人男性报告性骚扰的几率较低（AOR = 0.53，95% CI = 0.30，0.93），而西班牙裔男性报告性侵犯的几率较高（AOR = 2.17，95% CI = 1.06，4.45）。无论性别如何，种族/民族差异都不会影响女性或男性因这种虐待而导致抑郁或焦虑的可能性。这些发现突出了性骚扰和性侵犯的普遍性，尤其是对女性而言，与白人相比，西班牙裔的风险更高。此外，这些发现表明，无论性别和种族/民族如何，这些类型的虐待都会对心理健康产生影响。需要进行广泛的社会变革，以支持预防和干预工作，采取交叉和以创伤为中心的方法。
