Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, CANADA.
Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Alberta, CANADA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 Sep;51(9):1895-1903. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002004.
Tendinopathies are painful overuse injuries observed in athletes participating in jumping sports. These injuries are heavily dependent on the resulting strain from the applied mechanical load. Therefore, mechanisms to reduce tendon strain may represent a primary prevention strategy to reduce the incidence of tendinopathy.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of shoe and surface stiffness on Achilles and patellar tendon strains during jumping. We hypothesized that less stiff shoes and surfaces would reduce Achilles and patellar tendon strains during jumping.
Thirty healthy male basketball players performed countermovement jumps in three shoes and on three surfaces with different stiffness properties while motion capture, force platform, and jump height data were collected. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to obtain participant-specific tendon morphology, and a combined dynamometry/ultrasound/electromyography session was used to obtain tendon material properties. Finally, a musculoskeletal model was used to estimate tendon strains in each surface and shoe combination.
Achilles tendon strains during landing were reduced by 5.3% in the least stiff shoe compared with the stiffest shoe (P = 0.021) likely due to in bending stiffness altering the center of pressure location. Furthermore, Achilles tendon strains during landing were 5.7% and 8.1% lower on the stiffest surface compared with the least stiff and middle stiffness surfaces, respectively (P ≤ 0.047), because of changes in ground reaction force magnitude and center of pressure location. No effects of shoe stiffness or surface construction were observed for jump height (P > 0.243) or peak patellar tendon strains (P > 0.259).
Changes to shoe stiffness and surface construction can alter Achilles tendon strains without affecting jump performance in athletes.
跟腱病是参与跳跃运动的运动员中出现的过度使用性疼痛损伤。这些损伤严重依赖于所施加的机械负荷产生的应变。因此，减少跟腱应变的机制可能代表减少跟腱病发病率的主要预防策略。
本研究旨在探讨鞋和表面刚度对跳跃时跟腱和髌腱应变的影响。我们假设，更软的鞋和表面会降低跳跃时跟腱和髌腱的应变。
30 名健康男性篮球运动员在三种鞋子和三种表面上进行了反跳，同时采集运动捕捉、力台和跳跃高度数据。磁共振成像用于获取参与者特定的肌腱形态，结合测力/超声/肌电图用于获取肌腱材料特性。最后，使用肌肉骨骼模型来估计每个表面和鞋组合中的肌腱应变。
与最硬的鞋相比，最软的鞋在着陆时的跟腱应变降低了 5.3%（P = 0.021），这可能是由于弯曲刚度改变了压力中心的位置。此外，与最硬和中等硬度的表面相比，最硬的表面在着陆时的跟腱应变分别降低了 5.7%和 8.1%（P ≤ 0.047），这是由于地面反作用力大小和压力中心位置的变化。鞋刚度或表面结构对跳跃高度（P > 0.243）或峰值髌腱应变（P > 0.259）没有影响。
鞋刚度和表面构造的变化可以改变跟腱应变，而不会影响运动员的跳跃表现。
