Barszcz K, Polguj M, Klećkowska-Nawrot J, Goździewska-Harłajczuk K, Olbrych K, Czopowicz M
Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2020;79(1):105-112. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2019.0041. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
Coronary vessels have been widely studied in many species of domestic and wild mammals. However, there are no available literature reports describing the morphology and morphometry of the coronary ostia of the European bison (Bison bonasus). The aim of this study was to measure the area of the coronary ostia and assess their localisation in the coronary sinuses of the aortic root in the European bison.
The study material comprised 27 hearts from European bison of both sexes (16 males and 11 females), from 3 months to 26 years old, inhabiting the Bialowieza Forest (Bialowieza National Park, Poland). The animals were divided into two age groups: ≤ 5 years (group I) and > 5 years (group II).
In all the studied European bison, the aortic valve consisted of three semilunar leaflets, left, right and septal. The ostia of both coronary arteries were located beneath the sinotubular junction. The dimensions of the left coronary ostium were larger than those of the right coronary ostium. They were longer by on average 4.5 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.5-5.6 mm), they were wider by on average 1.6 mm (95% CI 1.0-2.2 mm) and they had a larger area by on average 31.6 mm2 (95% CI 22.7-40.5 mm2). This was evident both in young and in adult bison. After adjusting for age, there were no differences in the ostia dimensions between males and females. There were no differences in the structure of the left and right coronary arteries in nine animals. In the remaining 18 animals, there were variations in the morphology of the coronary ostia or additional ostia.
Because of the anatomical similarity between the European bison and other ruminants, the results of this study can be applied to the other species including endangered ones.
冠状动脉已在许多家养和野生哺乳动物物种中得到广泛研究。然而，目前尚无文献报道欧洲野牛（Bison bonasus）冠状动脉口的形态和形态测量学。本研究的目的是测量欧洲野牛冠状动脉口的面积，并评估其在主动脉根部冠状窦中的位置。
研究材料包括来自比亚沃维耶扎森林（波兰比亚沃维耶扎国家公园）的27颗欧洲野牛心脏，雌雄皆有（16只雄性和11只雌性），年龄从3个月到26岁。这些动物被分为两个年龄组：≤5岁（第一组）和>5岁（第二组）。
在所有研究的欧洲野牛中，主动脉瓣由三个半月瓣叶组成，即左、右和间隔瓣叶。两条冠状动脉口均位于窦管交界处下方。左冠状动脉口的尺寸大于右冠状动脉口。左冠状动脉口平均长4.5毫米（95%置信区间[CI] 3.5 - 5.6毫米），平均宽1.6毫米（95% CI 1.0 - 2.2毫米），平均面积大31.6平方毫米（95% CI 22.7 - 40.5平方毫米）。这在幼年和成年野牛中均很明显。在调整年龄后，雄性和雌性的冠状动脉口尺寸没有差异。9只动物的左、右冠状动脉结构没有差异。在其余18只动物中，冠状动脉口的形态或额外的开口存在变异。
由于欧洲野牛与其他反刍动物在解剖学上的相似性，本研究结果可应用于包括濒危物种在内的其他物种。
