Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2024;83(1):35-43. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2023.0020. Epub 2023 Mar 27.
The coronary vessels have been described in various species of domestic and wild ruminants. However, no studies on the detailed morphology and morphometry of heart orifices and coronary ostia in the Polish goat are available.
The study was carried out on 112 female, adult dairy goats belonging to Polish Fawn Improved and Polish White Improved breed, closely related to French Alpine and Saanen, respectively.
In all examined individuals, all heart orifices and heart valves were of normal structure. There was no significant difference between diameter of the aortic and pulmonary orifice. The right atrioventricular opening was significantly wider than the left atrioventricular opening. The dimension of the left coronary ostium ranged from 1.0 to 5.5 mm with the arithmetic mean (± standard deviation [SD]) of 4.3 ± 0.8 mm. The dimension of the right coronary ostium ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 mm with the arithmetic mean (± SD) of 2.8 ± 0.7 mm. Both coronary artery ostia were located under the sinotubular junction. Out of 112 examined goats, 39 (34.8%) had variations in the structure of the coronary ostia such as the lack of main trunk or the presence of additional coronary ostia. They were observed in one (in 34/39 goats) or both coronary arteries (5/39 goats).
In goats, the dimensions of aortic and pulmonary orifices are similar while the right atrioventricular opening outsizes the left one. On the other hand, the left coronary ostium is wider than the right one. Morphological variations in the coronary ostia occur in approximately one third of goats, more often in the right than in the left ostium.
在各种家养和野生反刍动物中，冠状动脉已经被描述过。然而，目前还没有关于波兰山羊心脏孔和冠状动脉口的详细形态和形态测量学的研究。
该研究对 112 只成年雌性波兰奶山羊进行了研究，这些奶山羊分别属于波兰白尾山羊和波兰白尾改良山羊，与法国阿尔卑斯山羊和萨能山羊密切相关。
在所有检查的个体中，所有的心脏孔和心脏瓣膜都具有正常的结构。主动脉口和肺动脉口的直径没有显著差异。右房室口明显比左房室口宽。左冠状动脉口的尺寸范围为 1.0 至 5.5 毫米，算术平均值（±标准差[SD]）为 4.3 ± 0.8 毫米。右冠状动脉口的尺寸范围为 0.5 至 5.0 毫米，算术平均值（±SD）为 2.8 ± 0.7 毫米。两个冠状动脉口都位于窦管交界处下方。在检查的 112 只山羊中，有 39 只（34.8%）的冠状动脉口结构发生了变异，如缺乏主干或存在额外的冠状动脉口。这些变异在一只（39 只中的 34 只）或两只冠状动脉（5 只中的 39 只）中观察到。
在山羊中，主动脉口和肺动脉口的尺寸相似，而右房室口大于左房室口。另一方面，左冠状动脉口比右冠状动脉口宽。大约三分之一的山羊出现了冠状动脉口的形态学变异，右冠状动脉口比左冠状动脉口更常见。
