Stephenson Lilli, Byard Roger W
Forensic Science South Australia (FSSA) and the School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
Forensic Science South Australia (FSSA) and the School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
J Forensic Leg Med. 2019 May;64:42-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.04.002. Epub 2019 Apr 6.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) that is most often transmitted by the inhalation of bacteria-containing aerosols. While there has been a decline in numbers of cases in certain countries, large population movements, the increasing emergence of drug-resistant strains and the association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection make it a disease that is increasingly seen in forensic practice. Mortuary staff are at risk of infection from penetrating sharp injuries, droplet inhalation, ingestion, direct inoculation, through skin breaks or through mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth. While the health and safety measures outlined by agencies may vary slightly, the principles of handling infectious autopsy cases remain the same with awareness and education, immunisation and regular tuberculin testing of staff, pre-necropsy screening of decedents, use of personal protective equipment, and the implementation of safe sharps practices and measures to reduce aerosol formation.
结核病(TB)是由结核分枝杆菌(MTB)引起的一种传染病,最常见的传播途径是吸入含有细菌的气溶胶。虽然某些国家的病例数量有所下降,但大规模人口流动、耐药菌株的日益出现以及与人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的关联,使其成为法医实践中越来越常见的一种疾病。太平间工作人员有因穿透性锐器伤、吸入飞沫、摄入、直接接种、通过皮肤破损或通过眼、鼻和口腔的粘膜而感染的风险。虽然各机构概述的健康和安全措施可能略有不同,但处理传染性尸检病例的原则是相同的,包括提高认识和教育、工作人员免疫接种和定期结核菌素检测、死者尸检前筛查、使用个人防护设备,以及实施安全锐器操作和减少气溶胶形成的措施。