Stryszewska Teresa, Kańka Stanisław
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2019 Apr 10;12(7):1165. doi: 10.3390/ma12071165.
The paper presents the characteristics of damage of bricks in masonry structures of significant historical value as a result of cyclic freezing and thawing. Based on extensive investigation, which included macroscopic description, determination of compressive strength and tensile strength, determination of the mineral composition, scanning microscopy observation and determination of the porosity structure of bricks, three forms of frost damage were distinguished, termed as powdering, flaking and cracking. Bricks were collected from existing historical buildings 70 years after their construction. It was observed that the particular form of frost damage of bricks is highly correlated with the structure of porosity. Additional factors affecting the form of frost destruction are the strength of the material, its mineral composition and the spatial arrangement of the texture elements. Taking the above into account, it is possible to evaluate frost resistance of bricks and specify the form of damage. Predicting frost resistance and forms of damage based on low-destructive methods using small samples is the expected solution in the case of heritage facilities.
本文介绍了具有重大历史价值的砌体结构中砖块因反复冻融而产生的损伤特征。通过广泛的调查，包括宏观描述、抗压强度和抗拉强度测定、矿物成分测定、扫描显微镜观察以及砖块孔隙结构测定，区分出了三种冻融损伤形式，即粉化、剥落和开裂。砖块取自建成70年后的现有历史建筑。观察发现，砖块特定的冻融损伤形式与孔隙结构高度相关。影响冻融破坏形式的其他因素包括材料强度、矿物成分以及纹理元素的空间排列。考虑到上述因素，就可以评估砖块的抗冻性并确定损伤形式。对于遗产设施而言，基于使用小样本的低损伤方法预测抗冻性和损伤形式是理想的解决方案。
