Misiewicz Joanna, Tunkiewicz Maria, Ballai Gergő, Kukovecz Ákos
Department of Building Engineering and Building Physics, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Jana Heweliusza 4, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jun 26;18(13):3023. doi: 10.3390/ma18133023.
This study presents a comprehensive material characterization, including physical, hygric, and mechanical properties, of historical ceramic bricks to enhance the understanding of heritage masonry structures and support the effective planning of conservation interventions. The primary objective is to systematize the knowledge of constituent materials in brick walls from different historical periods and to evaluate the compatibility of modern repair materials with the original fabric. To this end, a comprehensive experimental protocol was employed, which included the determination of fundamental physical properties such as density, water absorption, and sorptivity. Additionally, chemical and thermogravimetric analyses were performed, followed by freeze-thaw resistance testing and compressive strength measurements. Microstructural analysis was conducted using mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results identified the pore size ranges most susceptible to frost-induced degradation and revealed correlations between the physical, hygric, and mechanical properties of the tested ceramic materials. These findings provide essential data on the physico-mechanical characteristics of historical bricks, establishing a basis for the informed selection of compatible materials in conservation practice.
本研究对历史陶瓷砖进行了全面的材料特性分析，包括物理、湿学和力学性能，以增进对遗产砌体结构的理解，并支持保护干预措施的有效规划。主要目标是系统化不同历史时期砖墙组成材料的知识，并评估现代修复材料与原始结构的兼容性。为此，采用了一套全面的实验方案，其中包括测定密度、吸水率和吸湿系数等基本物理性能。此外，还进行了化学和热重分析，随后进行了抗冻融性测试和抗压强度测量。使用压汞法进行微观结构分析。结果确定了最易受冻融破坏的孔径范围，并揭示了测试陶瓷材料的物理、湿学和力学性能之间的相关性。这些发现提供了有关历史砖块物理力学特性的重要数据，为在保护实践中明智地选择兼容材料奠定了基础。
