Polycrystal Synthesis, Crystal Growth, Structure, and Optical Properties of AgGaGe S ( n = 2, 3, 4, and 5) Single Crystals for Mid-IR Laser Applications.

AgGaGe S crystal is a series of quaternary nonlinear optical materials for mid-IR laser applications of converting a 1.064 μm pump signal (Nd:YAG laser) to 4-11 μm laser output, but only AgGaGeS has attracted the most attention, remaining the other promising AgGaGe S crystal whose physicochemical properties can be modulated by n value. In this work, AgGaGe S ( n = 2, 3, 4, and 5) polycrystals are synthesized by vapor transport and mechanical oscillation method with different cooling processes. High-resolution X-ray diffraction analysis and refinement have revealed that all the four compounds are crystallized in the noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Fdd2, resulting in the excellent nonlinear optical property, and the distortion of tetrahedron with the variation of n value causes the discrepancy of physicochemical property. Besides, using the modified Bridgman method, AgGaGe S single crystals with 15 mm diameter and 20-40 mm length have been grown. We have discussed the structure and composition of AgGaGe S by XPS spectra and analyzed the three kinds of vibration modes of tetrahedral clusters by the Raman spectra. The Hall measurement indicates that the AgGaGe S single crystals are p-type semiconductor, and the carrier concentration decreases with the increasing n value. All the transmittances of as-grown AgGaGe S samples exceeds 60% in the transparent range, especially the transmittance of AgGaGeS, is up to 70% at 1064 nm, and the band gap of as-grown crystal increases from 2.85 eV for AgGaGeS to 2.92 eV for AgGaGeS. After a thermal annealing treatment, the absorptions at 2.9, 4, and 10 μm have been eliminated, and the band gap changed into the range of 2.89-2.96 eV.