[糖尿病——定义、分类、诊断、筛查及预防（2019年更新）]
[Diabetes mellitus-Definition, classification, diagnosis, screening and prevention (Update 2019)].
作者信息
Harreiter Jürgen, Roden Michael
机构信息
Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich.
Klinik für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
出版信息
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2019 May;131(Suppl 1):6-15. doi: 10.1007/s00508-019-1450-4.
Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of heterogeneous disorders, which have an increase in blood glucose concentrations in common. The current classification for diabetes mellitus is presented and the main features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are compared. Furthermore, the criteria for the correct biochemical diagnosis during fasting and oral glucose tolerance tests as well as the use of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are summarized. The increasing prevalence of diabetes requires targeted screening for detecting diabetes and prediabetes in risk groups. This forms the basis for the early initiation of measures to prevent the onset of diabetes in these risk groups and to delay the progression of diabetes.
糖尿病包括一组异质性疾病，其共同特征是血糖浓度升高。本文介绍了目前糖尿病的分类，并比较了1型和2型糖尿病的主要特征。此外，还总结了空腹和口服葡萄糖耐量试验中正确生化诊断的标准以及糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）的应用。糖尿病患病率的不断上升需要对高危人群进行有针对性的筛查，以检测糖尿病和糖尿病前期。这为在这些高危人群中尽早采取措施预防糖尿病的发生和延缓糖尿病的进展奠定了基础。
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