Vieira Wilson F, Kerry Chris, Hockings Kimberley J
Centre for Research in Anthropology (CRIA NOVA FCSH), Lisbon, Portugal.
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Primates. 2019 Jul;60(4):355-365. doi: 10.1007/s10329-019-00724-1. Epub 2019 Apr 13.
Human activities impact the distribution of numerous species. Anthropogenic habitats are often fragmented, and wildlife must navigate through human-influenced and 'natural' parts of the landscape to access resources. Different methods to determine the home-range areas of nonhuman primates have not considered the additional complexities of ranging in anthropogenic areas. Here, using 6 months of spatial data on the distribution of chimpanzee presence (feces, feeding traces, nests, opportunistic encounters; n = 833) collected across the wet and dry seasons, we examine different analytical techniques to calculate the home-range size of an unhabituated chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) community inhabiting a forest-farm mosaic at Madina, Cantanhez National Park in Guinea-Bissau. The minimum convex polygon method and the grid cell (500 m × 500 m cell size) method estimated the chimpanzees home-range size at 19.02 and 15.50 km, respectively with kernel analysis calculating a lower value of 8.52 km. For the grid cell method, home-range estimates varied with cell size, with larger cells producing larger estimates. We compare our home-range estimates with other chimpanzee research sites across Africa. We recommend the use of kernel analysis for determining primate home ranges, especially for those groups exploiting fragmented habitats including forest-farm mosaics, as this method takes account of inaccessible or infrequently used anthropogenic areas across the complete home range of the primate group. However, care must be taken when using this method, since it is sensitive to small sample sizes that can occur when studying unhabituated communities, resulting in underestimated home ranges.
人类活动影响着众多物种的分布。人为栖息地往往是碎片化的，野生动物必须在受人类影响的景观区域和“自然”区域中穿梭，以获取资源。确定非人类灵长类动物活动范围的不同方法并未考虑到在人为区域活动所带来的额外复杂性。在此，我们利用在几内亚比绍坎坦赫斯国家公园马迪纳的森林 - 农场镶嵌区域收集的、跨越干湿两季的6个月黑猩猩存在分布的空间数据（粪便、觅食痕迹、巢穴、偶然相遇；n = 833），研究了不同的分析技术，以计算一个未习惯化的黑猩猩（黑猩猩指名亚种）群体的活动范围大小。最小凸多边形法和网格单元法（单元格大小为500米×500米）分别估计黑猩猩的活动范围大小为19.02平方公里和15.50平方公里，而核密度估计法计算出的较低值为8.52平方公里。对于网格单元法，活动范围估计值随单元格大小而变化，单元格越大，估计值越大。我们将我们的活动范围估计值与非洲其他黑猩猩研究地点进行了比较。我们建议使用核密度估计法来确定灵长类动物的活动范围，特别是对于那些利用碎片化栖息地（包括森林 - 农场镶嵌区域）的群体，因为这种方法考虑到了灵长类群体整个活动范围内无法进入或很少使用的人为区域。然而，使用这种方法时必须谨慎，因为它对研究未习惯化群体时可能出现的小样本量很敏感，会导致活动范围估计值偏低。
