Song Eugene Y, FitzPatrick Gerald J, Lee Kang B
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
IEEE Sens J. 2017;17(23). doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2017.2729893.
Smart grids (SGs) are electrical power grids that apply information, advanced networking, and real-time monitoring and control technologies to lower costs, save energy, and improve security, interoperability, and reliability. Smart sensors (SSs) can provide real-time data and status of the grids for real-time monitoring, protection, and control of grid operations. Sensor data exchange and interoperability are major challenges for the SGs. This paper describes sensing, timing, intelligence, and communication requirements of sensors for the SGs and proposes a general model of the SSs for SGs based on these requirements. Then it illustrates, how the model works with phasor measurement unit (PMU)- and merging unit-based SSs deployed in the SGs with standardized interfaces to support the interoperability of the SSs. Furthermore, to address the interoperability issues, this paper describes sensor interface standards used in the SGs and the need for interoperability testing, and proposes a passive interoperability test method for the SSs to achieve and assure sensor data interoperability. To verify this test method, an interoperability test system for the PMU-based SSs was developed and presented. Interoperability test results of eight commercial PMU-based SSs are provided to show that the proposed interoperability test method works.
智能电网（SGs）是应用信息、先进网络以及实时监测与控制技术来降低成本、节约能源并提高安全性、互操作性和可靠性的电网。智能传感器（SSs）可为电网提供实时数据和状态，以实现对电网运行的实时监测、保护和控制。传感器数据交换和互操作性是智能电网面临的主要挑战。本文描述了智能电网对传感器的传感、定时、智能和通信要求，并基于这些要求提出了一种智能电网智能传感器的通用模型。然后说明了该模型如何与通过标准化接口部署在智能电网中的基于相量测量单元（PMU）和合并单元的智能传感器协同工作，以支持智能传感器的互操作性。此外，为解决互操作性问题，本文描述了智能电网中使用的传感器接口标准以及互操作性测试的必要性，并提出了一种用于智能传感器的被动互操作性测试方法，以实现并确保传感器数据的互操作性。为验证该测试方法，开发并展示了一个基于PMU的智能传感器的互操作性测试系统。提供了八个商用基于PMU的智能传感器的互操作性测试结果，以表明所提出的互操作性测试方法有效。
