Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
Department Hydraulic, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Apr 13;20(8):2187. doi: 10.3390/s20082187.
Sensors for monitoring electrical parameters over an entire electricity network infrastructure play a fundamental role in protecting smart grids and improving the network's energy efficiency. When a short circuit takes place in a smart grid it has to be sensed as soon as possible to reduce its fault duration along the network and to reduce damage to the electricity infrastructure as well as personal injuries. Existing protection devices, which are used to sense the fault, range from classic analog electro-mechanics relays to modern intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). However, both types of devices have fixed adjustment settings (offline stage) and do not provide any coordination among them under real-time operation. In this paper, a new smart sensor is developed that offers the capability to update its adjustment settings during real-time operation, in coordination with the rest of the smart sensors spread over the network. The proposed sensor and the coordinated protection scheme were tested in a standard smart grid (IEEE 34-bus test system) under different short circuit scenarios and renewable energy penetration. Results suggest that the short-circuit fault sensed by the smart sensor is improved up to 80% and up to 64% compared with analog electromechanics relays and IEDs, respectively.
用于监测整个电网基础设施电气参数的传感器在保护智能电网和提高网络能源效率方面发挥着重要作用。当智能电网中发生短路时，必须尽快感知到短路，以缩短网络中的故障持续时间，并减少对电力基础设施和人身伤害的损害。现有的保护装置，用于感测故障，从经典的模拟机电继电器到现代智能电子设备（IED）都有。然而，这两种类型的设备都具有固定的调整设置（离线阶段），并且在实时操作中它们之间没有提供任何协调。在本文中，开发了一种新的智能传感器，它能够在与网络中分布的其他智能传感器协调的情况下，在实时操作中更新其调整设置。在所提出的传感器和协调保护方案下，在不同的短路场景和可再生能源渗透下，在标准的智能电网（IEEE 34 母线测试系统）中进行了测试。结果表明，与模拟机电继电器和 IED 相比，智能传感器感测到的短路故障分别提高了 80%和 64%。
