Zięba Mariusz, Wiecheć Katarzyna, Biegańska-Banaś Joanna, Mieleszczenko-Kowszewicz Wiktoria
Poznan Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznań, Poland.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Front Psychol. 2019 Mar 29;10:687. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00687. eCollection 2019.
Post-traumatic growth (PTG) and post-traumatic depreciation (PTD) can be defined, respectively, as positive and negative changes in the aftermath of trauma. These changes can be assigned to the following domains: personal strength, relating to others, new possibilities, appreciation of life, spiritual and existential change. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility that positive and negative effects of trauma can coexist and explore the categories of effect. 72 participants were asked to recount their experience of trauma and answer questions about how it had affected their thinking about themselves and the world. Participants' narratives were analyzed by competent judges and using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. The domains in which positive changes were most frequently observed were Personal Strength (26.09%), Relating to Others (24.22%), and Appreciation of Life (21.12%). Negative changes mainly affected Relating to Others (33.33%) and Personal Strength (23.33%). The results were confirmed by quantitative analysis of narratives: participants' narratives of trauma and its consequences contained more words which expressing positive emotions (1.67%) than negative emotions (0.90%), paired-sample (60) = 9.70, < 0.001. There were correlations between the frequency of words referring to positive emotions and PTG, (62) = 0.39, < 0.01, and between the frequency of words referring to negative emotions and PTG, (62) = 0.23, < 0.05. PTG and PTD can coexist and they can be regarded as outcomes of two separate processes. The study results also suggest that although PTG and PTD can coexist, they may be considered different domains of psychological functioning.
创伤后成长（PTG）和创伤后衰退（PTD）可分别定义为创伤后出现的积极和消极变化。这些变化可归为以下几个领域：个人力量、与他人的关系、新的可能性、对生活的感激、精神和存在的变化。本研究的目的是探讨创伤的正负效应可能共存的可能性，并探究效应的类别。72名参与者被要求讲述他们的创伤经历，并回答关于创伤如何影响他们对自己和世界看法的问题。由专业评判人员使用语言查询与字数统计法对参与者的叙述进行分析。最常观察到积极变化的领域是个人力量（26.09%）、与他人的关系（24.22%）和对生活的感激（21.12%）。消极变化主要影响与他人的关系（33.33%）和个人力量（23.33%）。对叙述的定量分析证实了这些结果：参与者关于创伤及其后果的叙述中，表达积极情绪的词汇（1.67%）多于表达消极情绪的词汇（0.90%），配对样本t(60) = 9.70，p < 0.001。提及积极情绪的词汇频率与创伤后成长之间存在相关性，r(62) = 0.39，p < 0.01，提及消极情绪的词汇频率与创伤后成长之间也存在相关性，r(62) = 0.23，p < 0.05。创伤后成长和创伤后衰退可以共存，它们可被视为两个独立过程的结果。研究结果还表明，尽管创伤后成长和创伤后衰退可以共存，但它们可能被视为心理功能运作的不同领域。
