a CHEAR Center , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
b School for Environment and Sustainability , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2019;20(3):289-295. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1568422. Epub 2019 Apr 15.
The purpose of this article was to assess the match between child passenger safety resources (child passenger safety technicians [CPSTs], car seat checks, and child restraint system [CRS] distribution programs) and the child population in Michigan by utilizing geographic information systems approaches and to analyze the impact of Michigan's CPSTs on child passenger safety behaviors on departure from a seat check. Data were collected from administrative sources and a survey of CPSTs to determine the number and location of child passenger safety resources and children in Michigan. The main analyses used data from 2014. The child population ≤4 years old per county and per traffic safety region was determined from census data. CPST and car seat check locations were determined from a list from the Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning (Mi-OHSP) and a survey of CPSTs who coordinate seat checks. Summary sheets from Mi-OHSP served as the data source for CRSs distributed through their occupant protection program. Data from child passenger safety checklists completed with seat checks were obtained from Safe Kids Michigan. Addresses were geocoded using Google Maps Geocoding API and then mapped at the county level using ArcGIS Desktop 10.3.1. Descriptive statistics were calculated and levels of service were determined at the county and regional levels. In 2014, there were 570,929 children ≤4 years old in Michigan and 979 CPSTs who worked at 209 known seat check locations. An average of 6,854 seats was checked per year through Safe Kids Michigan Coalitions. All but 3 regions met an intermediate service level for seat check locations by offering one or more per 5,000 children ≤4 years old. There was at least one CPST in 80 of 83 counties (median 5; interquartile range, 2, 10.5). Assuming that an average Michigan CPST provides 10 h of service each year, all but 2 regions reached an intermediate service level of at least one technician hour per 90 children ≤4 years old. Fewer regions reached a basic level of service for the number of seat checks. Almost half (49.5%) of Safe Kids Michigan seat checks resulted in a change in child passenger safety behaviors. Child passenger safety resources in Michigan are not evenly distributed yet most regions and counties meet intermediate levels of service. Reallocating resources to areas that are providing basic levels of service could help reduce disparities in child passenger safety behaviors.
本文旨在利用地理信息系统方法评估密歇根州儿童乘客安全资源（儿童乘客安全技术人员[CPST]、汽车座椅检查和儿童约束系统[CRS]分发计划）与儿童人口之间的匹配程度，并分析密歇根州 CPST 对儿童乘客安全行为的影响离开座位检查。数据来自行政来源和 CPST 调查，以确定密歇根州的儿童乘客安全资源和儿童数量及其位置。主要分析使用了 2014 年的数据。从人口普查数据中确定了每个县和每个交通安全区域的≤4 岁儿童人口。CPST 和汽车座椅检查地点是从密歇根州高速公路安全规划办公室（Mi-OHSP）的清单和 CPST 协调座椅检查的调查中确定的。Mi-OHSP 的汇总表作为通过其乘员保护计划分发的 CRS 的数据源。从密歇根州安全儿童组织完成的儿童乘客安全检查表中获得数据。地址使用 Google Maps Geocoding API 进行地理编码，然后使用 ArcGIS Desktop 10.3.1 在县一级进行映射。计算了描述性统计数据，并在县和地区一级确定了服务水平。2014 年，密歇根州有 570,929 名≤4 岁的儿童和 979 名在 209 个已知座椅检查地点工作的 CPST。Safe Kids Michigan 联盟每年平均检查 6,854 个座位。除了 3 个地区外，所有地区都通过提供每 5,000 名≤4 岁儿童一个或多个座位检查地点来满足中等服务水平。83 个县中有 80 个县至少有一名 CPST（中位数为 5；四分位距为 2、10.5）。假设密歇根州的平均 CPST 每年提供 10 小时的服务，除了 2 个地区外，所有地区都达到了每 90 名≤4 岁儿童至少 1 名技术员小时的中级服务水平。较少的地区达到了座位检查数量的基本服务水平。Safe Kids Michigan 近一半（49.5%）的座椅检查结果导致儿童乘客安全行为发生变化。密歇根州的儿童乘客安全资源分布不均，但大多数地区和县都达到了中等服务水平。将资源重新分配到提供基本服务水平的地区可能有助于减少儿童乘客安全行为方面的差距。
